Watergate es considerado el acontecimiento político más famoso y polémico en la historia del periodismo estadounidense. Condujo en 1972 a un juicio político, la renuncia del presidente Nixon y un replantamiento del sistema legislativo americano basado en ética política. Tuvo un impacto importante en la práctica del periodismo de investigación y una fuerte representación dentro de la industria del cine y la cultura popular de Estados Unidos.
El escándalo de Watergate comenzó temprano en la mañana del 17 de junio de 1972, cuando varios ladrones fueron arrestados en la oficina del Comité Nacional Demócrata, ubicada en el complejo de edificios Watergate en Washington, DC. Este no fue un robo ordinario, los merodeadores estaban conectados a la campaña de reelección del presidente Richard Nixon, y los habían sorprendido escuchando teléfonos y robando documentos. Nixon tomó medidas agresivas para encubrir los crímenes, pero cuando los reporteros del Washington Post Bob Woodward y Carl Bernstein revelaron su papel en la conspiración, Nixon no tuvo otra opción más que renunciar el 9 de agosto de 1974. El escándalo de Watergate llevó a muchos estadounidenses a cuestionar a sus líderes y pensar más críticamente sobre la presidencia.
El robo de Watergate
Los orígenes del robo de Watergate se encuentran en el clima político hostil de la época. En 1972, cuando el presidente republicano Richard M. Nixon se postulaba para la reelección, Estados Unidos estaba envuelto en la fallida e innesaria guerra de Vietnam y el país estaba profundamente dividido.
Por tanto, una campaña presidencial contundente parecía esencial para el presidente y algunos de sus asesores clave. Sus tácticas agresivas incluyeron lo que resultó ser espionaje ilegal. En mayo de 1972, como la evidencia demostraría más tarde, miembros del Comité de Nixon para la reelección del presidente, irrumpieron en la sede del Comité Nacional Demócrata en Watergate, robaron copias de documentos ultrasecretos e intervinieron los teléfonos de la oficina.
Sin embargo, los micrófonos dentro de los teléfonos no funcionaron correctamente, por lo que el 17 de junio un grupo de cinco ladrones regresó al edificio de Watergate para resolver el problema. Mientras los merodeadores se preparaban para solucionar el imprevisto, un guardia de seguridad notó que alguien había abierto varias cerraduras en las puertas del edificio. El guardia, sin pensarlo, llamó a la policía, que llegó justo a tiempo para atraparlos con las manos en la masa.
No quedó claro de inmediato si los ladrones estaban conectados con el presidente, aunque las sospechas surgieron cuando los detectives encontraron copias del número de teléfono de la Casa Blanca del comité de reelección entre las pertenencias de los ladrones. En agosto, Nixon pronunció un discurso en el que juró que su personal de la Casa Blanca no estaba involucrado en el robo. La mayoría de los votantes le creyeron, y en noviembre de 1972 el presidente fue reelegido con una victoria aplastante.
La obstrucción a la justicia del presidente Nixon
Más tarde salió a la luz que Nixon no estaba siendo sincero. Unos días después del robo, por ejemplo, hizo arreglos para proporcionar cientos de miles de dólares en dinero secreto a los ladrones. Nixon y sus ayudantes idearon un plan para manipular a la Agencia Central de Inteligencia (CIA) y así impedir la investigación del crimen por parte del FBI. Este fue un crimen todavía más grave que el allanamiento, fue un abuso de poder presidencial y una obstrucción deliberada a la justicia.
Mientras tanto, siete conspiradores fueron acusados de cargos relacionados con el asunto Watergate. A instancias de los ayudantes de Nixon, cinco se declararon culpables para evitar el juicio, los otros dos fueron condenados en enero de 1973.
La investigación de Bob Woodward y Carl Bernstein
Un puñado creciente de personas, incluidos los reporteros del Washington Post Bob Woodward y Carl Bernstein, el juez de primera instancia John J. Sirica y miembros de un comité de investigación del Senado, habían comenzado a sospechar que había un plan mayor en marcha. Al mismo tiempo, algunos de los conspiradores comenzaron a quebrarse bajo la presión del encubrimiento. Un denunciante anónimo que se hacia llamar «Garganta profunda», proporcionó información clave a Woodward y Bernstein.
Algunos ayudantes de Nixon, incluido el abogado de la Casa Blanca, John Dean, testificaron ante un gran jurado sobre los crímenes del presidente. Alegaron que Nixon había grabado en secreto todas las conversaciones que acontecieron en el Despacho Oval. Si los fiscales pudieran tener en sus manos esas cintas, tendrían las pruebas de la culpabilidad del presidente.
Nixon luchó por proteger las cintas durante el verano y el otoño de 1973. Sus abogados argumentaron que el privilegio ejecutivo del presidente le permitía guardar las cintas para sí mismo, pero el juez Sirica, el comité del Senado y un fiscal especial independiente llamado Archibald Cox, estaban decididos a obtenerlos.
La masacre del sábado por la noche
Cuando Cox se negó a dejar de exigir las cintas, Nixon ordenó su despido, lo que llevó a varios funcionarios del Departamento de Justicia a renunciar en protesta. Estos hechos, que tuvieron lugar el 20 de octubre de 1973, se conocen como la Masacre del sábado por la noche. Finalmente, Nixon accedió a entregar algunas cintas, pero no todas.
A principios de 1974, el encubrimiento y los esfuerzos para impedir la investigación de Watergate comenzaron a desmoronarse. El 1 de marzo, un gran jurado designado por un nuevo fiscal especial acusó a siete de los ex ayudantes de Nixon por varios cargos relacionados con el asunto Watergate. El jurado, que no estaba seguro de poder acusar a un presidente en funciones, calificó a Nixon de conspirador no acusado.
En julio, la Corte Suprema ordenó a Nixon que entregara las cintas. Mientras el presidente se demoraba, el Comité Judicial de la Cámara votó a favor de acusar a Nixon por obstrucción a la justicia, abuso de poder, encubrimiento criminal y varias violaciones a la Constitución.
El escándalo de Watergate sale a la luz, Nixon dimite
Finalmente, el 5 de agosto, Nixon dio a conocer las cintas, que proporcionaron pruebas innegables de su complicidad en los crímenes de Watergate. El 8 de agosto frente a un juicio político del Congreso, Nixon renunció en la más absoluta desgracia y vergüenza social, dejó el cargo al día siguiente.
Seis semanas más tarde, después de que el vicepresidente Gerald Ford asumiera la presidencia, indultó a Nixon por cualquier delito que hubiera cometido mientras estaba en el cargo. Algunos de los ayudantes de Nixon no tuvieron tanta suerte y fueron condenados por delitos muy graves y enviados a una prisión federal.
El propio Nixon nunca admitió haber cometido ningún delito criminal, aunque reconoció haber usado un juicio pobre. Su abuso de poder presidencial tuvo un efecto duradero en la vida política estadounidense, creando una atmósfera de cinismo y desconfianza. Muchos norteamericanos se habían sentido profundamente consternados por el resultado de la guerra de Vietnam y los asesinatos de Robert F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King y otros líderes. Watergate agregó aún más decepción a un clima nacional ya destruido por las dificultades y pérdidas del gobierno.
3 septiembre, 2024 a las 21:52
I really like your writing style, great info, appreciate it for posting :D. «Faith is a continuation of reason.» by William Adams.
23 agosto, 2024 a las 19:32
It is not my first time to pay a visit this web site, i am visiting this site dailly and take nice data from here daily.
19 agosto, 2024 a las 03:09
Hi there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your post seem to be running off the screen in Firefox. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with internet browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The design and style look great though! Hope you get the problem resolved soon. Cheers
17 agosto, 2024 a las 21:23
It’s in reality a great and helpful piece of info. I’m happy that you simply shared this useful information with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thank you for sharing.
10 agosto, 2024 a las 20:41
Hey there, You have done an incredible job. I’ll definitely digg it and personally suggest to my friends. I’m sure they will be benefited from this site.
30 julio, 2024 a las 03:55
This really answered my problem, thank you!
26 julio, 2024 a las 15:47
I was curious if you ever thought of changing the layout of your site? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having one or 2 pictures. Maybe you could space it out better?
23 julio, 2024 a las 17:26
Hello there, just became aware of your blog through Google, and found that it’s really informative. I’m gonna watch out for brussels. I will be grateful if you continue this in future. A lot of people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!
23 julio, 2024 a las 12:54
Greetings! Very helpful advice on this article! It is the little changes that make the biggest changes. Thanks a lot for sharing!
23 julio, 2024 a las 08:12
Great – I should certainly pronounce, impressed with your site. I had no trouble navigating through all tabs as well as related info ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it in the least. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or anything, site theme . a tones way for your client to communicate. Nice task.
16 julio, 2024 a las 13:51
Awsome info and straight to the point. I don’t know if this is truly the best place to ask but do you guys have any thoughts on where to employ some professional writers? Thank you 🙂
16 julio, 2024 a las 07:18
Thankyou for all your efforts that you have put in this. very interesting information.
14 julio, 2024 a las 11:31
I have been absent for some time, but now I remember why I used to love this website. Thank you, I’ll try and check back more often. How frequently you update your website?
13 julio, 2024 a las 19:40
I’m not sure why but this weblog is loading incredibly slow for me. Is anyone else having this problem or is it a issue on my end? I’ll check back later on and see if the problem still exists.
9 julio, 2024 a las 18:46
I consider something genuinely interesting about your web blog so I saved to favorites.
9 julio, 2024 a las 17:44
It’s awesome to visit this site and reading the views of all friends regarding this article, while I am also keen of getting familiarity.
5 julio, 2024 a las 23:36
Заказывая автомойку под ключ, вы экономите время и деньги. Наши специалисты возьмут на себя все этапы работ, от разработки до ввода объекта в эксплуатацию.
3 julio, 2024 a las 10:56
I’m not sure where you are getting your info, however great topic. I must spend a while learning much more or working out more. Thank you for excellent information I used to be searching for this info for my mission.
2 julio, 2024 a las 15:33
Lovely just what I was looking for.Thanks to the author for taking his clock time on this one.
1 julio, 2024 a las 20:49
Hi there! I could have sworn I’ve been to this website before but after browsing through some of the posts I realized it’s new to me. Anyhow, I’m definitely pleased I discovered it and I’ll be bookmarking it and checking back regularly!
30 junio, 2024 a las 14:02
What Is LeanBiome? LeanBiome is a natural weight loss supplement that reverses bacterial imbalance in your gut microbiome with the help of nine science-backed lean bacteria species with Greenselect Phytosome, a caffeine-free green tea extract crafted with patented phytosome technology.
29 junio, 2024 a las 06:49
When I originally commented I clicked the «Notify me when new comments are added» checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get several emails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service? Bless you!
28 junio, 2024 a las 16:19
whoah this blog is magnificent i really like reading your articles. Stay up the good work! You know, a lot of people are searching around for this info, you can help them greatly.
22 junio, 2024 a las 02:47
Magnificent beat ! I would like to apprentice at the same time as you amend your website, how can i subscribe for a blog site? The account aided me a acceptable deal. I were a little bit familiar of this your broadcast provided bright clear concept
15 junio, 2024 a las 16:52
I have been absent for a while, but now I remember why I used to love this web site. Thanks, I will try and check back more often. How frequently you update your site?
12 junio, 2024 a las 23:20
We stumbled over here from a different web page and thought I may as well check things out. I like what I see so now i’m following you. Look forward to exploring your web page yet again.
11 junio, 2024 a las 23:21
I have been exploring for a little bit for any high quality articles or blog posts on this sort of area . Exploring in Yahoo I at last stumbled upon this site. Reading this information So i’m happy to convey that I have an incredibly good uncanny feeling I discovered just what I needed. I most certainly will make sure to don’t forget this site and give it a look regularly.
10 junio, 2024 a las 22:02
Thanks for finally writing about > %blog_title% < Liked it!
10 junio, 2024 a las 17:41
I have recently started a website, the info you offer on this site has helped me tremendously. Thank you for all of your time & work.
3 junio, 2024 a las 17:14
When someone writes an article he/she maintains the plan of a user in his/her mind that how a user can know it. So that’s why this post is perfect. Thanks!
31 mayo, 2024 a las 23:44
What is ProNerve 6? ProNerve 6 is a doctor-formulated nutritional supplement specifically marketed to individuals struggling with nerve pain.
30 mayo, 2024 a las 18:37
It’s going to be finish of mine day, except before finish I am reading this enormous piece of writing to increase my knowledge.
28 mayo, 2024 a las 04:55
What is Gluco6 Supplement? Gluco6 is a blend of doctor-formulated ingredients promising to help users develop healthy blood sugar ranges.
25 mayo, 2024 a las 21:24
Thank you, I’ve recently been looking for info approximately this topic for a long time and yours is the best I’ve found out so far. However, what about the conclusion? Are you sure about the source?
24 mayo, 2024 a las 15:56
This is very interesting, You are a very skilled blogger. I have joined your feed and look forward to seeking more of your magnificent post. Also, I have shared your site in my social networks!
22 mayo, 2024 a las 12:01
Yay google is my queen helped me to find this outstanding web site! .
18 mayo, 2024 a las 17:03
Sight Care is a visual wellness supplement that is currently available in the market. According to the Sight Care makers, it is efficient and effective in supporting your natural vision
18 mayo, 2024 a las 14:42
Do you mind if I quote a few of your articles as long as I provide credit and sources back to your site? My blog is in the very same niche as yours and my users would genuinely benefit from a lot of the information you provide here. Please let me know if this alright with you. Thanks!
16 mayo, 2024 a las 00:14
Francisk Skorina Gomel State University
14 mayo, 2024 a las 22:19
Do you have a spam problem on this website; I also am a blogger, and I was curious about your situation; we have developed some nice methods and we are looking to swap techniques with others, please shoot me an e-mail if interested.
12 mayo, 2024 a las 18:54
Thanx for the effort, keep up the good work Great work, I am going to start a small Blog Engine course work using your site I hope you enjoy blogging with the popular BlogEngine.net.Thethoughts you express are really awesome. Hope you will right some more posts.
12 mayo, 2024 a las 00:26
Dentitox Pro is marketed as a natural oral health supplement designed to support dental health and hygiene.
9 mayo, 2024 a las 14:33
What i don’t realize is in truth how you’re no longer really a lot more smartly-preferred than you may be now. You’re very intelligent. You recognize thus significantly when it comes to this topic, produced me in my opinion consider it from numerous varied angles. Its like women and men are not interested unless it is something to do with Woman gaga! Your individual stuffs excellent. Always take care of it up!
7 mayo, 2024 a las 23:12
You’re so cool! I don’t think I’ve read anything like this before. So great to find someone with some unique thoughts on this subject. Really.. thank you for starting this up. This site is something that’s needed on the web, someone with some originality!
7 mayo, 2024 a las 09:25
Hello there, just became alert to your blog through Google, and found that it is truly informative. I am going to watch out for brussels. I’ll be grateful if you continue this in future. Lots of people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!
6 mayo, 2024 a las 22:53
FitSpresso is a weight loss supplement developed using clinically proven ingredients extracted from natural sources.
30 abril, 2024 a las 11:43
I was suggested this web site by my cousin. I’m not sure whether this post is written by him as nobody else know such detailed about my difficulty. You’re wonderful! Thanks!
27 abril, 2024 a las 17:21
The very crux of your writing whilst sounding agreeable in the beginning, did not really settle very well with me personally after some time. Someplace throughout the paragraphs you actually managed to make me a believer unfortunately just for a short while. I however have a problem with your jumps in assumptions and one might do nicely to fill in those gaps. If you actually can accomplish that, I would definitely be fascinated.
26 abril, 2024 a las 22:42
I went over this site and I think you have a lot of great info , saved to bookmarks (:.
23 abril, 2024 a las 00:12
Howdy! I simply would like to give a huge thumbs up for the nice information you’ve got right here on this post. I will be coming again to your blog for more soon.
22 abril, 2024 a las 16:50
Nice post. I was checking constantly this blog and I’m impressed! Very useful information specifically the last part 🙂 I care for such information a lot. I was looking for this certain info for a long time. Thank you and good luck.
19 abril, 2024 a las 01:30
Hello! I just would like to give a huge thumbs up for the great info you have here on this post. I will be coming back to your blog for more soon.
13 abril, 2024 a las 11:20
With havin so much content and articles do you ever run into any issues of plagorism or copyright infringement? My blog has a lot of exclusive content I’ve either written myself or outsourced but it seems a lot of it is popping it up all over the internet without my permission. Do you know any solutions to help protect against content from being ripped off? I’d truly appreciate it.
10 abril, 2024 a las 20:31
Hello there! Quick question that’s entirely off topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My site looks weird when viewing from my iphone4. I’m trying to find a theme or plugin that might be able to fix this problem. If you have any suggestions, please share. Appreciate it!
9 abril, 2024 a las 23:52
What is FlowForce Max? FlowForce Max Advanced Formula is a holistic blend designed to promote optimal prostate health
9 abril, 2024 a las 20:12
What is Alpha Tonic? Alpha Tonic stands as a natural health supplement designed to comprehensively address men’s overall well-being.
21 marzo, 2024 a las 17:27
I will right away take hold of your rss as I can not in finding your email subscription link or newsletter service. Do you have any? Please allow me recognize so that I may just subscribe. Thanks.
6 marzo, 2024 a las 17:30
You have remarked very interesting details! ps decent web site.
26 febrero, 2024 a las 02:21
I’m truly enjoying the design and layout of your website. It’s a very easy on the eyes which makes it much more pleasant for me to come here and visit more often. Did you hire out a designer to create your theme? Outstanding work!
17 enero, 2024 a las 08:26
Enjoyed every bit of your blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
20 diciembre, 2023 a las 17:42
Yay google is my king aided me to find this outstanding site! .
24 agosto, 2023 a las 10:29
I am not sure where you are getting your information, but good topic. I needs to spend some time learning much more or understanding more. Thanks for fantastic information I was looking for this info for my mission.
11 agosto, 2023 a las 03:10
Hi! This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and say I truly enjoy reading through your articles. Can you suggest any other blogs/websites/forums that go over the same topics? Many thanks!
4 junio, 2023 a las 10:29
I like what you guys are up too. Such smart work and reporting! Keep up the superb works guys I¦ve incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my website 🙂
5 mayo, 2023 a las 16:47
Thanks for one’s marvelous posting! I definitely enjoyed reading it, you might be a great author.I will always bookmark your blog and definitely will come back down the road. I want to encourage you continue your great posts, have a nice morning!
2 mayo, 2023 a las 10:31
Loving the info on this site, you have done great job on the blog posts.
28 enero, 2023 a las 03:01
I love your blog.. very nice colors & theme. Did you create this website yourself? Plz reply back as I’m looking to create my own blog and would like to know wheere u got this from. thanks
11 enero, 2023 a las 22:40
Absolutely indited subject matter, appreciate it for selective information. «The last time I saw him he was walking down Lover’s Lane holding his own hand.» by Fred Allen.
3 enero, 2023 a las 09:59
I got what you mean , thankyou for putting up.Woh I am pleased to find this website through google.
28 diciembre, 2022 a las 22:24
I have not checked in here for a while because I thought it was getting boring, but the last several posts are great quality so I guess I will add you back to my daily bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂
24 diciembre, 2022 a las 09:03
I appreciate, cause I found just what I was looking for. You’ve ended my four day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have a great day. Bye
22 diciembre, 2022 a las 12:21
It’s hard to find knowledgeable people on this topic, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
21 diciembre, 2022 a las 20:24
Good write-up, I?¦m normal visitor of one?¦s web site, maintain up the excellent operate, and It’s going to be a regular visitor for a lengthy time.
21 diciembre, 2022 a las 10:35
Hi my family member! I wish to say that this post is awesome, nice written and include almost all vital infos. I would like to see more posts like this .
21 diciembre, 2022 a las 00:09
I¦ve recently started a website, the information you offer on this website has helped me tremendously. Thank you for all of your time & work.
19 diciembre, 2022 a las 16:16
Wonderful blog! I found it while surfing around on Yahoo News. Do you have any tips on how to get listed in Yahoo News? I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there! Thanks
16 diciembre, 2022 a las 19:19
I was suggested this web site by my cousin. I’m not sure whether this post is written by him as no one else know such detailed about my trouble. You are incredible! Thanks!
16 diciembre, 2022 a las 09:55
Good – I should certainly pronounce, impressed with your web site. I had no trouble navigating through all tabs and related info ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it in the least. Quite unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or anything, site theme . a tones way for your client to communicate. Excellent task.
13 diciembre, 2022 a las 11:12
I admire your work, thankyou for all the interesting posts.
24 noviembre, 2022 a las 02:11
I’m not sure where you are getting your information, but great topic. I needs to spend some time learning much more or understanding more. Thanks for fantastic info I was looking for this information for my mission.
23 noviembre, 2022 a las 18:22
Keep up the good piece of work, I read few articles on this web site and I think that your blog is rattling interesting and contains bands of fantastic info .
11 noviembre, 2022 a las 20:24
Hello there, simply become alert to your blog thru Google, and found that it is truly informative. I am gonna watch out for brussels. I will appreciate when you continue this in future. Many people shall be benefited out of your writing. Cheers!