La idea de crear seres más fuertes, rápidos e inteligentes ha fascinado a una parte de la ciencia desde siempre. En el siglo XIX, la búsqueda por el soldado perfecto propició el surgimiento de numerosas investigaciones centradas en el tema. Por supuesto en la II Guerra Mundial, los nazis soñaban con «mejorar» la especie humana alentando a individuos con «rasgos deseables» a aparearse. Los soviéticos no podían quedar atrás, también perpetraron atrocidades en nombre de la megalomanía que padecía Stalin. El ruso, de hecho, encomendó la creación de una raza híbrida entre simios y humanos.
Iliá Ivanov y los híbridos entre humanos y simios
La mente maestra en esta historia es el científico ruso Iliá Ivanov. La carrera de este biólogo se enfocó en la inseminación artificial de animales. Aunque trabajó principalmente con caballos, experimentó e implementó técnicas pioneras con otras especies para producir híbridos, como los zebrasnos. En 1910, Ivanov habría iniciado su investigación sobre la producción de descendencia híbrida entre humanos y simios.
La difícil situación social que imperó durante la Revolución Rusa impidió sus avances en el área. Pero en 1926 reanudó su investigación y tuvo oportunidad de probar su hipótesis gracias a una financiación directa del gobierno. Ivanov consiguió tres ejemplares de simios adultos que inseminó artificialmente con esperma humano. El experimento fracasó cuando la concepción natural se mostró inviable. En aquel momento, el biólogo adoptó una metodología mucho más estremecedora. Tramó un plan para inseminar artificialmente mujeres humanas con esperma de chimpancé. Pretendía crear una nueva especie denominada «Humancé» o «Humanzee».
Los intentos para crear un humancé
Ivanov acudió a un hospital en la Guinea Francesa en África y propuso a los médicos locales inseminar pacientes sin su consentimiento. Pero los médicos consultaron al gobernador, quien intervino y puso fin al experimento. Sin embargo, el científico logró conseguir 20 simios con los que empezaría un criadero en territorio soviético. Aunque en el traslado murieron 16.
Establecido el criadero, Iliá Ivanov necesitaba voluntarias dispuestas a someterse a tal experimento. Se las arregló para convencer a cinco mujeres, pero los pocos simios que quedaban finalmente murieron también, y la investigación se detuvo por completo.

Fuente de la imagen: Wikipedia
La super raza rusa
Para 1930 el panorama político en la Unión Soviética era completamente distinto. Se consideraba que, al criar selectivamente a sus mejores ciudadanos, la Unión Soviética se constituiría en una sociedad trabajadora y comunitaria. Las posturas de Ivanov encajaban con estas ideas. El científico se convenció de que podía cambiar a los humanos de diversas formas si lograba hacer híbridos con los simios. A grandes rasgos, era una base sólida para las nociones sociales que circulaban.
Por si fuera poco, esta pseudociencia parecía respaldada por las posturas darwinianas. Al considerar que los humanos y simios guardaban una relación estrecha y la cruza de especies era factible. De hecho, esta artimaña ideológica incluso podía transformarse en propaganda para socavar a la religión. De forma que los ciudadanos solo adorarían al estado.
El rechazo soviético hacia Iliá Ivanov y su experimento con simios
Con el tiempo, a mediados de los años 30, estos pensamientos cayeron en desgracia. A Stalin le fascinaba la idea de que las próximas generaciones heredaran rasgos adquiridos. Básicamente, si un individuo desarrollaba fuerza excepcional, esa fuerza se transmitiría a sus descendientes. Algunos consideran que el dictador desestimó las posturas del científico al considerarlas uno de los principales objetivos de los nazis. El odio entre nazis y bolcheviques era tan grande que simplemente no podían compartir un mismo ideal.
En 1935, la comunidad científica soviética pasó por una purga para erradicar a todos los que apoyaran estos conceptos. Cuando un colega acusó a Ivanov de manipular su equipo de inseminación artificial, el científico cayó en desgracia. Se exilió en Kazajistán, donde murió dos años después.
Según algunos rumores el científico logró conseguir sus objetivos, que resultaron en la creación de monstruos y abominaciones sin nombre. Aunque por supuesto no hay evidencia alguna y en tal caso la Unión Soviética se aseguró de borrar cualquier indicio relacionado con el tema.
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