Anastasia Romanov fue hija del último zar ruso, Nicolás II. En la noche del 16 al 17 de julio de 1918, la familia fue ejecutada a manos del ejercito Bolchevique en Ekaterimburgo, Rusia, para dar fin a la era monárquica. Desde entonces surgieron varias especulaciones sobre si ella y su hermano Alexei podrían haber escapado. Lo que avivó la creación del mito sobre la supervivencia de la princesa y la busquéda incansable para encontrarla. En 1991, un estudio forense identificó los cuerpos de sus familiares y sirvientes, pero no los de ellos dos. Aunque en 2007, al parecer, se hicieron nuevos hallazgos.
La vida de Anastasia antes del levantamiento bolchevique
Anastasia Nikolayevna nació en Petrodvorets, una ciudad cerca de San Petersburgo antes llamada Peterhof, el 18 de junio de 1901. Su madre era la princesa Alix de Hesse-Darmstadt, también conocida como Alexandra Feodorovna, y posteriormente emperatriz Alexandra después de su matrimonio. Su padre, Nicolás II, fue el último zar de Rusia y parte de la dinastía Romanov que había gobernado el país durante tres siglos. Ambos se casaron a fines de 1894, tras heredar el trono del zar Alejandro III, fallecido por una enfermedad renal.
La princesa tenía cuatro hermanos, tres mayores llamadas Olga, Tatiana y Maria, y uno menor llamado Alexei, heredero legítimo de la monarquía. En sus años más jóvenes, Anastasia recibió la educación directamente de su madre, quien le enseñó todo lo necesario para una vida llena de lujos. Sin embargo, nadie podría adivinar lo que iba a suceder.
El fin de la famila Romanov
La familia Romanov vivió pacíficamente en el Palacio de Tsarskoe hasta que el levantamiento politico generado tras la I Guerra Mundial alcanzó a Nicolás II. En marzo de 1917, los soldados del ejército rojo organizaron un motín para apoderarse de todas las propiedades reales. El zar acordó abdicar al trono con la esperanza de evitar una guerra civil. Anastasia y su familia fueron exiliados a los Montes Urales y los sometieron bajo arresto domiciliario.
Aún así, no pudo evitarse el levantamiento en armas. En la noche del 16 al 17 de julio de 1918, mientras los bolcheviques liderados por Vladimir Lenin luchaban por reemplazar el gobierno imperial con un nuevo régimen comunista, aprehendieron a la familia Romanov. Por órdenes del Consejo Supremo Soviético, el comandante de la Casa de Propósito Especial Yakov Yurovsky llevó a Anastasia y su familia a un sótano con el pretexto de protegerlos del caos inminente. Allí mismo, un grupo de verdugos abrieron fuego contra los Romanov, la mascota de la familia y algunos de los sirvientes. Este acontecimiento significó el fin de la era zarista.
La solución del misterio de Anastasia
Durante los años posteriores a los asesinatos de los Romanov, surgieron especulaciones sobre si Anastasia y su hermano podrían haber sobrevivido a la ejecución. Circulaban rumores de que las balas no pudieron matarlos debido a joyas familiares que habían sido cosidas en su ropa para su custodia.
El destino de Anastasia estuvo particularmente sujeto a estas conjeturas, ya que varias mujeres que decían ser la gran duquesa aparecían periódicamente. Entre las más conocidas se encontraba Franziska Schanzkowska, quien a principios de 1920 luchó para demostrar que era la legítima heredera Romanov. La demanda de Franziska se rechazó en 1970 y el misterio permaneció sin resolver.
El dudoso paradero de Anastasia inspiró libros, obras de teatro y películas, incluida la ganadora de un Oscar protagonizada por Ingrid Bergman.
En la década de 1980, un arqueólogo aficionado encontró una tumba poco profunda que contenía los esqueletos envejecidos de seis adultos y tres niños. La Unión Soviética suprimió estos hallazgos del público hasta su caída a principios de 1990. Una investigación forense en 1991 identificó los nueve cuerpos con los miembros de la familia y sirvientes de Anastasia, pero los de la princesa y su hermano seguían desaparecidos.
En 2007, un nuevo análisis de ADN tras el hallazgo de otra tumba cercana identificó de manera concluyente los cuerpos de Anastasia y Alexei. Cerrando así la puerta a casi 90 años de misterio y especulación.
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