La itacolumita debe su nombre al monte Itacolomi, en Minas Gerais, Brasil, donde se encontró este curioso material a principios de los 1800. Se trata de una roca porosa que, al manipularla, es flexible como una pieza de plástico. Esta característica parece ir en contra de la naturaleza misma de una piedra. De hecho, su apariencia parece acercarse más a la arcilla húmeda que a lo que realmente es, una roca. Pero su extraña naturaleza tiene una explicación geológica.
Cómo es la itacolumita
La roca tiene aspecto principalmente poroso y de color claro y amarillo. Se compone en mayor parte por cuarzo. Aunque al cortarla en láminas de unos pocos centímetros de grosor, tamaño en el que se puede observar su flexibilidad, se ven pequeñas escamas de mica.
En este vídeo muestran una comparación de cómo se deforma la itacolumita ante presión ejercida, frente a otros materiales sólidos.
Fuente del vídeo: YoTube The Action Lab
Por qué y cómo es flexible
Estas escamas fueron la primera hipótesis que explicaba las características elásticas de la itacolumita. Una propiedad que, a priori, contradice la naturaleza de las rocas por definición.
Pero después de varios análisis, lo más probable es que la posibilidad de «doblar» este material se deba a la forma en que se unen y entrelazan los granos de arena de cuarzo que lo forman. Es decir, mientras la porosidad permite cierto movimiento en el sólido, la roca mantiene su integridad conectando las partículas en forma de bisagra, facilitando igualmente este desplazamiento.
Esta composición inusual es consecuencia de un proceso llamado meteorización, en el que la roca original perdió parte de su estructura debido a la erosión, dejando huecos en su lugar. En estos espacios se depositaron posteriormente otros materiales como sílice, entrelazado entre los granos de cuarzo.
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