Se cree que la principal función de las prisiones es la rehabilitación de las personas. Muchos países como Noruega, Países Bajos y Dinamarca se enfocan en este objetivo. Sin embargo, el mundo está lleno de instituciones penales con el nombre de «instalación correccional» que en realidad son un bastión de violencia, humillación y, francamente, trampas mortales. A continuación repasaremos las cárceles más peligrosas, en donde las condiciones son demasiado duras y extremas incluso para los delincuentes más infames.
Tadmor, Siria, una de las cárceles más peligrosas del mundo
Cerca de la antigua Palmira, en Siria, la prisión de Tadmor fue destruida por terroristas en 2015. A pesar de esto, puede considerarse un lugar que ostenta récord mundial de torturas y ejecuciones. En las mazmorras profundas de Tadmor fallecieron personas envenenadas por sustancias tóxicas, hubo tráfico constante de drogas experimentales, torturas dignas de la santa inquisición, hambre, sed y muertes de todas las formas posibles.
Todo lo que sucedió en la cárcel era bien conocido por las autoridades y se llevó a cabo no solo con su consentimiento tácito, sino por ordenes directas. El evento más representativo fue un asesinato en masa de prisioneros que ocurrió el 27 de junio de 1980. Tras el asesinato del presidente Hafez al-Assad, la policía siria se internó en las instalaciones y mató, según diversas estimaciones, de 500 a 1,200 presos. Ejecutaron a presos a golpes con barras de acero, tubos y hachas. Es probable que nunca se sepa el número exacto de víctimas, pero los testigos de la masacre afirmaron que limpiar la sangre de los patios, los pasillos y los cuartos tomó al menos 2 semanas.
Las organizaciones públicas forzaron el cierre de Tadmor en 2001, pero en 2011 la prisión volvió a funcionar con normalidad. No murieron más presos, pero las condiciones de vida son tales que cada año unos 20 presos se quitaban la vida. El poeta sirio Faraj Biraqdar que pasó en esta prisión cinco años, la describió como «un reino de muerte y locura«.
La prisión de Bangkwang, Tailandia
Esta prisión es bien conocida debido a la película Bangkok Hilton con Nicole Kidman en el papel principal. Sin embargo, el filme es una burla amarga de las condiciones en las que los prisioneros se ven obligados a vivir en Bangkwang. La mayoría de las habitaciones de esta prisión tienen las dimensiones de 6 por 4 metros. Un espacio sumamente reducido para la media de 25 hombres que habitan cada celda hacinados unos sobre otros.
Las letrinas en los cuartos no están separadas, por lo que todos los prisioneros se mantienen en una atmósfera terrible y fétida a todas horas. Los presidiarios solamente comen una vez al día y la dieta siempre es la misma: una porción de arroz hervido y una mezcla de verduras. Esta situación conduce a constante conflicto, al asesinato por desesperación y al canibalismo incluso por hambre.
Ducharse en Bangkwang es casi un lujo, algo que los afortunados hacen una vez al mes mientras otros no lo hacen en años. El agua potable es de muy baja calidad, lo que contribuye a la propagación de enfermedades intestinales y parasitarias, que con el problema de las letrinas y la falta de higiene se convierte en el peor ciclo vicioso del mundo.
La decadencia de Gitarama, Ruanda, la peor de las cárceles más peligrosas
Gitarama está ubicada en la ciudad homónima de Ruanda. Esta prisión, bastante pequeña, alberga a más de 6,000 personas a pesar de tener capacidad para solo 500. Hecho que la convierte en un lugar lleno de decadencia, muerte y degeneración, la peor de las cárceles más peligrosas del mundo.
Hay un hacinamiento en las celdas difícil de imaginar. Los presos ven obligados a dormir por turnos en filas apretadas en el suelo o incluso de cuclillas. Los espacios destinados al confinamiento solitario tienen un tamaño de un metro cuadrado, no cuentan con el mobiliario básico y ni siquiera tienen techo. Gitarama carece de sistemas de aguas residuales, por lo que los prisioneros conviven con sus propios excrementos y las consecuentes hordas de insectos.
A los guardias no les interesa prácticamente lo que sucede en las entrañas de la prisión que se les confía. Además, caminar por las instalaciones incluso con armas, es un asunto peligroso. El poder en la cárcel pertenece a las bandas criminales que castigan con impunidad a los que se atrevan a cruzar sus límites. El hambre es uno de los principales problemas, que condicen de nuevo al asesinato y al canibalismo desesperado entre los presos. No hay absolutamente ningún servicio médico y la gente muere dentro de sus muros por enfermedades casi a diario.
Las autoridades no han hecho ningún esfuerzo por arreglar las cosas. De hecho, tras el golpe de Estado que sacudió a Ruanda en los años 90, la situación solo ha ido empeorando.
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