A mediados de los años 90, en el fondo oceánico al sur de la isla Amami-Oshima, en Japón, unos buceadores encontraron extrañas figuras dibujadas en la arena. Dibujos geométricos de diversos tamaños, llegando a los dos metros de diámetro, grabados con una curiosa precisión y detalle. La primera impresión fue de sorpresa evidente y pronto surgieron preguntas acerca del origen de estas formas. Ante la falta de respuestas, identificaron el fenómeno como «los círculos misteriosos». Sin embargo, años después, logró observarse al responsable de estas curiosas obras de arte en pleno acto de creación. Se trata de una especie de pez globo que realiza estos surcos en la arena como parte de su ritual de apareamiento. Desde entonces, se le conoce como el pez artista.
Las creaciones del pez artista
Tal y como publicó en 2011 la revista Nature, el hacedor de estas obras submarinas es una pequeña variedad de pez globo. Pertenece al género Torquigener, que lo separa del pez globo más común conocido por su veneno. Mide apenas 12 cm y por el momento se ha encontrado solamente en las costas japonesas.
Después de varias investigaciones y la misma observación del comportamiento de este pez artista, se descubrió que las figuras geométricas son una forma de cortejo. Como en otras especies, tanto acuáticas como terrestres, la reproducción depende muchas veces de las habilidades del macho. O de sus cualidades estéticas, como el tamaño, el color u otras características. En este caso, los machos de pez globo compiten por crear la estructura más perfecta sobre la arena. Que finalmente funcionará como nido para contener los huevos puestos por la hembra.
El proceso del artista
El proceso de creación del pez artista es bastante complejo y elaborado, nada se deja al azar.
El pez comienza creando un círculo bastante amplio que conforma el perímetro total de su obra. A partir de él, cava pequeños surcos en la arena de forma lineal con sus aletas, nadando en dirección radial y manteniendo el ángulo para no perder la geometría de la estructura. Este pequeño detalle es uno de los más sorprendentes de todo este fenómeno, ya que lograr la precisión y perfección en la figura es sumamente difícil y el pez artista lo logra de manera innata.
A continuación, el pez perfila y define estos surcos nadando del exterior al interior y viceversa, creando círculos concéntricos hasta llegar al centro, la parte más importante. El corazón de la figura es el lugar en el que la hembra depositará sus huevos, y según lo bien elaborado que esté este lugar ella decidirá aparearse con un pez o con otro. Esta parte de la estructura, dadas sus funciones, se forma con arena más fina. Lo que facilitará la fecundación y la selección de la hembra.
Después de estos detalles, el pez artista termina por pulir los valles buscando la mejora estética y aplanar la zona centro arrastrando la mayor parte de arena fina. Finalmente, culmina con una curiosa decoración colocando fragmentos de conchas o coral de acuerdo al diseño radial entre los montículos y los surcos. Esta última parte es una de las más sorprendentes, ya que resulta cuanto menos peculiar que los peces atribuyan a estos elementos marinos cierto carácter de ornamentación.
Una vez concluida la obra, la hembra se acerca cual visitante de museo a observar el trabajo final. Durante este proceso, el macho se acerca a ella en movimientos relampagueantes, como dejando clara su autoría. Ella se irá y volverá varias veces hasta tomar su decisión y finalmente depositará ahí sus huevos. En caso de éxito, el macho deberá cuidar los huevos durante seis días, tiempo en el que las corrientes marinas desharán su creación completa, pero habrá valido la pena. Poco después de este triunfo, el pez artista buscará otro lugar donde ampliar su obra, repitiendo este proceso una y otra vez.
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