El desastre de Hindenburg está considerado uno de los fragmentos de vídeo más famosos y trágicos en la historia de la aviación. Dramático e inesperado, el accidente de la aeronave LZ 129 de fabricación alemana, más conocida como Hindenburg, quedó impreso en la memoria de casi todo el mundo.
El dirigible más grande jamás construido y el orgullo de la Alemania nazi, estalló en llamas al tocar su mástil de amarre en Lakehurst, Nueva Jersey. Matando a 36 pasajeros y tripulantes, el 6 de mayo de 1937.
La historia del dirigible
El francés Henri Giffard fue el creador y constructor del primer dirigible funcional en el año 1852. Su nave constaba de una máquina de vapor de tres caballos de fuerza que hacía girar una gran hélice y volaba a una velocidad de 10 km/h.
La aeronave rígida conocida como «zepelín» por el apellido de su innovador, el Conde Ferdinand von Zeppelin de Alemania, fue una mejora a la estructura francesa hecha a finales del siglo XIX. A diferencia de los dirigibles galos, los alemanes tenían una consistencia más ligera, con vigas metálicas que protegían un interior lleno de gas. Sin embargo, ambos diseños utilizaban hidrógeno en grandes cantidades, altamente inflamable y vulnerable a cualquier explosión.
Este tipo de transporte era lo suficientemente grande como para llevar un número de pasajeros considerable. Uno de los dirigibles rígidos más famosos fue el Graf Zeppelin, que viajó por todo el mundo en 1929 y fue el primero en dar servicio aéreo transatlántico. Estas travesías de larga distancia fueron las que inspiraron la construcción del Hindenburg, un dirigible más lujoso, con más capacidad de aforo y mejores condiciones.
El primer y último viaje del Hindenburg
El 3 de mayo de 1937, el Hindenburg partió de Frankfurt, Alemania, para emprender un viaje a través del Atlántico hasta la base aérea naval de Lakehurst, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos. Extendiéndose 250 metros desde la popa hasta la proa, transportaba a 36 pasajeros y una tripulación de 61 personas.
Fuente del vídeo: YouTube British Pathé
Mientras intentaba atracar en su destino, la aeronave estalló repentinamente en llamas, probablemente después de que una chispa encendiera su núcleo de hidrógeno. El Hindenburg cayó al suelo rápidamente desde una altura de 60 metros y el casco del dirigible se incineró en cuestión de segundos. 13 pasajeros, 21 tripulantes y 1 miembro civil de la tripulación de tierra perdieron la vida de forma instantánea. La mayoría de los supervivientes sufrieron heridas importantes.
El locutor de radio Herb Morrison, que fue a Lakehurst para grabar el aterrizaje para un noticiero de la NBC, inmortalizó el desastre del zepelín con una famosa frase en la que declaró con pánico: «¡Oh, la humanidad!« La grabación del comentario de Morrison se llevó inmediatamente a Nueva York, donde se transmitió como parte de la primera emisión de noticias por radio de costa a costa en Estados Unidos.
Los viajes a través de zepelín cayeron rápidamente en desgracia después del desastre de Hindenburg y ninguna aeronave de este estilo sobrevivió a la II Guerra Mundial.
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