La agencia Pinkerton se fundó en Chicago en 1850 a manos de Allan Pinkerton, un inmigrante escocés que había llegado a América buscando oportunidades. La Agencia Nacional de Detectives Pinkerton, como se le llamaba entonces, fue la primera empresa de investigación privada profesional de los Estados Unidos. En 1861 se hizo famosa por frustrar un complot para asesinar al presidente electo, Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln, agradecido, la estableció como servicio secreto nacional, catapultando así a la agencia al centro de atención pública.
El desarrollo de la agencia Pinkerton
Entre sus muchas asignaciones notables, la agencia tuvo la responsabilidad de asegurar el regreso de la duquesa de Devonshire, proteger el diamante Hope y garantizar la entrega del manuscrito del Discurso de Gettysburg.
En la década de 1870, las sucursales de la agencia se establecieron en varias ciudades importantes del país. Todas estaban equipadas con los métodos de detección de delincuentes de Allan Pinkerton. Como las galerías de delincuentes conocidos con fotografías e historias personales, una rareza para la época. Entre otras peculiaridades, como la frenología (una práctica antigua consistente en basar las personalidades y actitudes de acuerdo a la forma del cráneo).

Fuente de la imagen: History
Aunque muchas de las filiales discreparon con vehemencia, el fundador incumplió la tradición social y contrató operadoras mujeres.
Las facetas de la agencia y su legado
Allan Pinkerton desempeñó, además, el papel de «rompehuelgas», creando una facción para cumplir al 100% con esta función. En 1877, su agencia fue contratada por el presidente de la Pennsylvania and Reading Coal and Iron Company para infiltrarse y destruir el grupo laboral radical y violento Molly Maguire. El juicio resultante llevó a la ejecución en la horca de unos diecinueve integrantes, llamados Mollies. La mayoría de ellos jóvenes y probablemente inocentes.
Como resultado, los Pinkerton comenzaron a desarrollar mala fama entre los sindicatos y grupos de trabajadores.
La Agencia Nacional de Detectives Pinkerton fue el antecedente de la Oficina Federal de Investigación, el FBI, y la Interpol a nivel internacional. En el apogeo de su poder, estaba conectada no solo con todas las agencias de la ley importantes en los Estados Unidos, sino también con las de Inglaterra y Europa.
La agencia todavía está en funcionamiento en la actualidad, con sucursales en unos 32 países. Se dedica a la investigación para personas y empresas poderosas alrededor de todo el mundo.
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