La historia del automóvil es un camino largo y sinuoso y determinar exactamente quién lo inventó primero no es taréa fácil. Si rebobinamos la cronología más allá del GPS, las pantallas táctiles y las transmisiones automáticas, eventualmente llegaremos al Benz número 1. El eslabón perdido entre las carretas de caballos y los automóviles.
Karl Benz patentó el vehículo de tres ruedas, conocido como «Motorwagen«, en 1886. Este fue el primer automóvil moderno con un propio sistema de aceleración, bujías, palancas de cambio, radiador de agua, carburador y otros elementos fundamentales para su misma existencia.
Los primeros prototipos de la historia que precedieron al Benz
Benz patentó el primer automóvil a gasolina, pero no él fue el visionario original de los vehículos autopropulsados.
- Leonardo da Vinci había esbozado un coche mecanizado sin caballos a principios del siglo XVI. Como muchos de sus diseños, nunca fue construido durante su vida. Sin embargo, se exhibe una réplica en Francia, en el Chateau Clos Lucé, la última casa de Leonardo, ahora un museo.
- Los carros de vela, propulsados por el viento, estaban en uso en China cuando los primeros occidentales visitaron el gigante asiático. En el año 1600, el holandés Simon Steven construyó uno que transportaba a 28 personas y recorría 39 millas (63 km) en dos horas, según General Motors.
- El inventor francés Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot construyó un vehículo autopropulsado con una máquina de vapor en 1769. El coche, diseñado para mover piezas de artillería, se movía a un paso de 3.2 km/h y tenía que detenerse cada 20 minutos para descansar la máquina sobrecalentada de vapor.
Los motores de combustión interna
Vital para el automóvil moderno, este tipo de motor utiliza la combustión explosiva de combustible para empujar un pistón dentro de un cilindro. El movimiento del pistón hace girar un cigüeñal que está conectado a las ruedas del automóvil a través de un eje de transmisión. Al igual que el automóvil en sí, el motor de combustión interna tiene una larga historia.
- 1680: Christiaan Huygens, más conocido por sus contribuciones como astrónomo, diseñó un motor de combustión interna alimentado por pólvora. Pero nunca llegó a construirlo.
- 1826: el inglés Samuel Brown modificó una máquina de vapor para quemar gasolina y ponerla en un carruaje. Pero este proto-automóvil tampoco obtuvo una adopción generalizada.
- 1858: Jean Joseph-Etienne Lenoir patentó un motor eléctrico de combustión interna de encendido por chispa de doble acción alimentado por gas de carbón. Mejoró ese motor para que funcionara con petróleo, lo conectó a un carro de tres ruedas y viajó 50 millas.
- 1873: el ingeniero estadounidense George Brayton desarrolló un motor de queroseno de dos tiempos. Se considera el primer motor de aceite seguro y práctico.
- 1876: Nikolaus August Otto patentó el primer motor de cuatro tiempos en Alemania.
- 1885: el alemán Gottlieb Daimler inventó el prototipo del motor de gasolina moderno.
- 1895: Rudolf Diesel, un inventor francés, patentó el motor diesel, un eficiente motor de combustión interna de encendido por compresión.
La historia paralela de los coches eléctricos
Aunque no lo parezca, los autos eléctricos también estaban en auge y disponibles a mediados del siglo XIX. Pero cayeron en desgracia cuando Henry Ford logró perfeccionar su Modelo T. Pese a los evidentes intereses del mercado y la industria, en los últimos años han vuelto. En 2016 se vendieron más de 159,000 autos eléctricos en los Estados Unidos, más de la mitad solo en California.
Por lo general, el desarrollo del coche eléctrico se atribuye a dos inventores en la década de 1830: el escocés Robert Anderson y el estadounidense Thomas Davenport. La primera batería recargable fue creada en 1865 por un físico francés llamado Gaston Plante.
Cuando Henry Ford presentó el Modelo T en 1908, el automóvil de gasolina económico y de alta calidad se hizo muy popular y comenzó el declive de los motores eléctricos, según el Departamento de Energía. En la década de 1920, la gasolina se había vuelto más barata y disponible, y cada vez más estadounidenses viajaban distancias mayores. Los coches eléctricos no tenían el alcance suficiente a estos niveles y la electricidad todavía no había llegado a muchas áreas rurales. Todas estas circunstancias encumbraron al motor de gasolina frente al resto de modelos.
Karl Benz, innovador y emprendedor
Karl Benz tiene el mérito de inventar el automóvil porque usaba un motor de combustión interna de gasolina y funcionaba como lo hacen los vehículos actuales.
Benz nació en 1844 en Karlsruhe, una ciudad en el suroeste de Alemania. Su padre era un trabajador ferroviario que murió en un accidente cuando él tenía 2 años. Aunque pobre, su madre lo apoyó con educación. A los 15 años fue admitido en la Universidad de Karlsruhe y se graduó en 1864 en ingeniería mecánica.
La primera empresa de Benz fue una fundición de hierro y un taller que fracasaron. Más tarde, su esposa Bertha Ringer utilizó su dote para financiar una fábrica de motores de gas. Con las ganancias, Benz fue libre de comenzar a construir su gran invento.
Karl había creado tres prototipos de su automóvil en privado en 1888. El primer viaje largo que realizó fue de 66 millas entre su casa y la de su madre. Esta experiencia inicial le sirvió para implementar algunas mejoras y convencer al público escéptico. Un año más tarde Benz hizo una demostración del Modelo 3 Motorwagen en la Exposición Universal de París, siendo un éxito rotundo. Karl murió en 1929, dos años después de fusionarse con la compañía de Gottlieb Daimler para formar lo que hoy es el Grupo Daimler, fabricante del Mercedes-Benz.
17 abril, 2024 a las 15:23
Good info. Lucky me I found your site by accident (stumbleupon). I have book marked it for later!
17 abril, 2024 a las 15:14
Today, I went to the beachfront with my kids. I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year old daughter and said «You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.» She put the shell to her ear and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear. She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is completely off topic but I had to tell someone!
17 abril, 2024 a las 15:03
Awesome blog! Do you have any hints for aspiring writers? I’m planning to start my own site soon but I’m a little lost on everything. Would you suggest starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a paid option? There are so many choices out there that I’m totally confused .. Any suggestions? Appreciate it!
17 abril, 2024 a las 14:54
What a stuff of un-ambiguity and preserveness of precious familiarity concerning unexpected feelings.
17 abril, 2024 a las 14:45
Having read this I thought it was very informative. I appreciate you finding the time and effort to put this information together. I once again find myself spending a significant amount of time both reading and commenting. But so what, it was still worth it!
17 abril, 2024 a las 14:35
Hi there, this weekend is good in favor of me, as this time i am reading this great informative piece of writing here at my home.
17 abril, 2024 a las 14:26
Hi, I log on to your blogs regularly. Your writing style is awesome, keep doing what you’re doing!
17 abril, 2024 a las 14:17
If some one wants expert view concerning blogging and site-building after that i advise him/her to visit this weblog, Keep up the good job.
17 abril, 2024 a las 14:10
What’s up mates, its great article regarding educationand completely explained, keep it up all the time.
17 abril, 2024 a las 13:59
Hey there! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a collection of volunteers and starting a new initiative in a community in the same niche. Your blog provided us useful information to work on. You have done a extraordinary job!
15 abril, 2024 a las 22:00
After all, what a great site and informative posts, I will upload inbound link – bookmark this web site? Regards, Reader.
14 abril, 2024 a las 12:39
What’s Happening i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I’ve found It absolutely helpful and it has aided me out loads. I hope to contribute & help other users like its helped me. Good job.
10 abril, 2024 a las 07:05
You can definitely see your enthusiasm in the article you write. The world hopes for more passionate writers like you who aren’t afraid to mention how they believe. Always go after your heart.
9 abril, 2024 a las 17:51
Excellent blog you’ve got here.. It’s hard to find high quality writing like yours these days. I really appreciate people like you! Take care!!
9 abril, 2024 a las 17:11
I keep listening to the reports speak about receiving free online grant applications so I have been looking around for the finest site to get one. Could you advise me please, where could i get some?
2 abril, 2024 a las 00:35
You have noted very interesting details! ps decent web site.
26 marzo, 2024 a las 17:00
Thank you for sharing excellent informations. Your site is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this web site. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this web page, will come back for more articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found simply the information I already searched everywhere and simply could not come across. What an ideal site.
26 marzo, 2024 a las 02:50
wow, awesome article.Much thanks again. Want more.
23 marzo, 2024 a las 22:00
Enjoyed every bit of your article.Really thank you! Really Cool.
23 marzo, 2024 a las 11:06
Great post. Cool.
23 marzo, 2024 a las 01:37
Those are yours alright! . We at least need to get these people stealing images to start blogging! They probably just did a image search and grabbed them. They look good though!
22 marzo, 2024 a las 06:04
Enjoyed every bit of your article. Great.
22 marzo, 2024 a las 05:12
I truly love your blog.. Very nice colors & theme. Did you develop this web site yourself? Please reply back as I’m wanting to create my own website and want to learn where you got this from or what the theme is called. Thanks!
21 marzo, 2024 a las 09:56
Magnificent beat ! I would like to apprentice even as you amend your site, how could i subscribe for a blog website? The account aided me a acceptable deal. I have been tiny bit acquainted of this your broadcast offered vibrant clear idea
20 marzo, 2024 a las 23:48
Thanks so much for the blog article.Really thank you! Will read on…
20 marzo, 2024 a las 23:30
Awesome blog. Awesome.
20 marzo, 2024 a las 14:38
Thanks-a-mundo for the article.Really thank you!
19 marzo, 2024 a las 23:19
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic article.Really thank you! Really Cool.
19 marzo, 2024 a las 22:54
Thanks again for the article.Really looking forward to read more. Awesome.
19 marzo, 2024 a las 12:13
Thank you for your blog.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
19 marzo, 2024 a las 01:01
I really enjoy the post. Cool.
18 marzo, 2024 a las 13:35
A big thank you for your article post.Really looking forward to read more. Cool.
18 marzo, 2024 a las 13:09
I think this is a real great blog.Thanks Again. Really Cool.
17 marzo, 2024 a las 23:31
Im grateful for the post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Great.
17 marzo, 2024 a las 23:12
I am so grateful for your blog.Thanks Again. Keep writing.
17 marzo, 2024 a las 12:15
wow, awesome post.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
16 marzo, 2024 a las 09:03
Really appreciate you sharing this blog.Really looking forward to read more. Want more.
15 marzo, 2024 a las 12:39
Thanks a lot for the post.Really thank you!
14 marzo, 2024 a las 23:43
Thanks-a-mundo for the blog post.Really thank you! Really Cool.
14 marzo, 2024 a las 09:49
Really informative blog article.Much thanks again. Cool.
13 marzo, 2024 a las 20:39
I loved your blog post.Much thanks again. Awesome.
13 marzo, 2024 a las 11:26
Fantastic article post.Really looking forward to read more. Cool.
13 marzo, 2024 a las 01:57
I really like and appreciate your article post.Really thank you! Fantastic.
12 marzo, 2024 a las 16:13
I really like and appreciate your article post.Thanks Again. Much obliged.
11 marzo, 2024 a las 19:09
Thanks for the blog post.Really thank you! Really Great.
8 marzo, 2024 a las 11:33
Fantastic blog article. Really Great.
6 marzo, 2024 a las 23:37
Enjoyed every bit of your article post.Really thank you! Really Great.
6 marzo, 2024 a las 23:19
Im obliged for the article post. Really Great.
6 marzo, 2024 a las 11:56
Hey, thanks for the blog article. Much obliged.
3 marzo, 2024 a las 17:43
I am so grateful for your blog post.Thanks Again. Will read on…
3 marzo, 2024 a las 03:34
I truly appreciate this blog.Thanks Again. Really Great.
2 marzo, 2024 a las 18:09
A round of applause for your article post. Will read on…
2 marzo, 2024 a las 08:38
Appreciate you sharing, great post.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
1 marzo, 2024 a las 19:10
Really appreciate you sharing this article.Thanks Again. Really Cool.
1 marzo, 2024 a las 00:55
Appreciate you sharing, great blog post.Really thank you! Really Great.
29 febrero, 2024 a las 07:00
I appreciate you sharing this blog article.Really thank you! Really Cool.
25 febrero, 2024 a las 20:19
Major thankies for the blog.Much thanks again. Will read on…
25 febrero, 2024 a las 00:59
I really like and appreciate your blog article.Much thanks again. Really Great.
23 febrero, 2024 a las 23:50
A round of applause for your post.Really thank you! Really Great.
21 febrero, 2024 a las 13:07
Enjoyed every bit of your blog post. Will read on…
21 febrero, 2024 a las 12:48
Fantastic blog post.Thanks Again. Great.
7 febrero, 2024 a las 09:45
Major thankies for the post.Much thanks again. Will read on…
7 febrero, 2024 a las 09:29
Great article post.Much thanks again. Great.
6 febrero, 2024 a las 01:45
I truly appreciate this post. Will read on…
6 febrero, 2024 a las 01:29
Thank you ever so for you blog.Much thanks again. Will read on…
5 febrero, 2024 a las 00:50
Very informative blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
5 febrero, 2024 a las 00:32
Great, thanks for sharing this blog.Much thanks again. Cool.
3 febrero, 2024 a las 12:32
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic article.Really looking forward to read more. Will read on…
2 febrero, 2024 a las 18:28
This is one awesome blog.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
2 febrero, 2024 a las 01:14
Say, you got a nice article post.Much thanks again.
2 febrero, 2024 a las 00:51
Im grateful for the article.Thanks Again. Great.
1 febrero, 2024 a las 13:25
I really enjoy the blog article.Much thanks again. Really Great.
31 enero, 2024 a las 12:30
Thanks for the article post.Thanks Again.
31 enero, 2024 a las 12:11
Appreciate you sharing, great blog post.Thanks Again. Want more.
31 enero, 2024 a las 00:42
Hey, thanks for the blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Keep writing.
30 enero, 2024 a las 11:54
Hey, thanks for the article post. Will read on…
30 enero, 2024 a las 11:38
A big thank you for your blog post.Really thank you! Really Cool.
24 enero, 2024 a las 23:14
Enjoyed every bit of your blog. Fantastic.
24 enero, 2024 a las 12:51
I truly appreciate this post.Really looking forward to read more. Keep writing.
23 enero, 2024 a las 19:38
Major thankies for the article post.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
23 enero, 2024 a las 19:15
Thanks so much for the article.Really looking forward to read more. Cool.
22 enero, 2024 a las 10:46
I value the article.Really thank you! Great.
17 enero, 2024 a las 16:01
I cannot thank you enough for the blog post.Thanks Again. Really Great.
18 diciembre, 2023 a las 00:32
Thanks for the sensible critique. Me and my neighbor were just preparing to do a little research on this. We got a grab a book from our area library but I think I learned more clear from this post. I’m very glad to see such great info being shared freely out there.
23 agosto, 2023 a las 13:53
Utterly indited written content, thank you for entropy. «Necessity is the mother of taking chances.» by Mark Twain.
30 junio, 2023 a las 06:15
Keep functioning ,fantastic job!
4 junio, 2023 a las 09:10
I like this blog its a master peace ! Glad I discovered this on google .
4 mayo, 2023 a las 23:13
Somebody essentially help to make seriously posts I would state. This is the first time I frequented your website page and thus far? I surprised with the research you made to make this particular publish extraordinary. Fantastic job!
4 mayo, 2023 a las 21:54
There may be noticeably a bundle to know about this. I assume you made sure nice factors in features also.
4 mayo, 2023 a las 20:56
Nice blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere? A theme like yours with a few simple adjustements would really make my blog stand out. Please let me know where you got your design. Thank you
4 mayo, 2023 a las 17:20
F*ckin’ tremendous things here. I’m very satisfied to see your article. Thank you so much and i am taking a look forward to touch you. Will you kindly drop me a mail?
4 mayo, 2023 a las 13:39
Some genuinely prime articles on this website , saved to fav.
4 mayo, 2023 a las 12:18
Can I simply say what a aid to search out somebody who truly knows what theyre speaking about on the internet. You undoubtedly know learn how to convey a difficulty to light and make it important. Extra individuals have to read this and understand this aspect of the story. I cant believe youre not more standard since you positively have the gift.
4 mayo, 2023 a las 11:06
I really like your writing style, good information, appreciate it for posting :D. «The superfluous is very necessary.» by Francois Marie Arouet Voltaire.
4 mayo, 2023 a las 09:53
Fantastic site. Plenty of useful information here. I am sending it to several pals ans also sharing in delicious. And obviously, thanks on your sweat!
4 mayo, 2023 a las 07:14
I am lucky that I detected this web site, just the right information that I was searching for! .
4 mayo, 2023 a las 06:00
After all, what a great site and informative posts, I will upload inbound link – bookmark this web site? Regards, Reader.
2 mayo, 2023 a las 09:47
Hi I am so excited I found your weblog, I really found you by accident, while I was browsing on Aol for something else, Anyhow I am here now and would just like to say thanks for a remarkable post and a all round enjoyable blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to read through it all at the moment but I have book-marked it and also added in your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a lot more, Please do keep up the fantastic job.
1 mayo, 2023 a las 21:25
Hello, you used to write fantastic, but the last few posts have been kinda boring?K I miss your super writings. Past several posts are just a little out of track! come on!
1 mayo, 2023 a las 20:44
Real clean site, thankyou for this post.
1 mayo, 2023 a las 05:28
I have learn some good stuff here. Definitely worth bookmarking for revisiting. I wonder how so much effort you place to make such a excellent informative web site.
1 marzo, 2023 a las 19:27
Some genuinely superb information, Sword lily I noticed this.
15 enero, 2023 a las 18:06
Only a smiling visitant here to share the love (:, btw outstanding style.
3 enero, 2023 a las 05:05
Pretty component of content. I just stumbled upon your blog and in accession capital to assert that I acquire actually enjoyed account your blog posts. Anyway I’ll be subscribing on your augment or even I achievement you get entry to persistently rapidly.
1 enero, 2023 a las 20:50
Hello. remarkable job. I did not anticipate this. This is a remarkable story. Thanks!
29 diciembre, 2022 a las 17:39
It’s really a nice and helpful piece of information. I am happy that you simply shared this useful info with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.
28 diciembre, 2022 a las 18:24
Yeah bookmaking this wasn’t a bad decision great post! .
24 diciembre, 2022 a las 19:04
I got what you mean , regards for putting up.Woh I am thankful to find this website through google.
23 diciembre, 2022 a las 00:29
I consider something truly interesting about your web blog so I saved to favorites.
20 diciembre, 2022 a las 13:23
After research a couple of of the weblog posts in your web site now, and I truly like your method of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website record and might be checking again soon. Pls check out my website as well and let me know what you think.
19 diciembre, 2022 a las 16:15
Rattling informative and great anatomical structure of subject matter, now that’s user friendly (:.
18 diciembre, 2022 a las 10:03
I’d have to examine with you here. Which is not one thing I usually do! I take pleasure in reading a post that may make folks think. Additionally, thanks for permitting me to comment!
16 diciembre, 2022 a las 09:40
Well I really liked reading it. This information procured by you is very practical for good planning.
10 diciembre, 2022 a las 11:34
It’s the best time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I have read this submit and if I could I want to suggest you few interesting things or suggestions. Maybe you can write next articles regarding this article. I wish to learn even more issues about it!
5 diciembre, 2022 a las 13:17
My spouse and I absolutely love your blog and find nearly all of your post’s to be just what I’m looking for. Would you offer guest writers to write content available for you? I wouldn’t mind publishing a post or elaborating on a number of the subjects you write with regards to here. Again, awesome web log!