Gunpei Yokoi inició su carrera laboral como conserje en una fábrica de Nintendo. Armado con inventiva y educación, comenzó a idear cosas increíbles en su tiempo libre. Sus ideas se ganaron poco a poco la atención de su jefe y, 20 años más tarde, se convirtió en la estrella de su empresa como responsable de algunos de los nombres más importantes en la industria de los videojuegos. Entre otros destacan Game Boy, Metroid y Donkey Kong. Yokoi fue un hombre brillante que empezó su historia como un libro de cuentos y terminó cual tragedia griega.
Después de obtener un título en electrónica de la Universidad de Doshisha en Kyoto en 1965, solicitó un puesto en Nintendo, que entonces era una fábrica de tarjetas. El joven emprendedor tuvo varios puestos durante los siguientes cinco años, incluido el de conserje. Durante su tiempo de ocio experimentaba con piezas de máquinas y en un momento muy atinado creó un juguete de brazo extensible. El invento de Yokoi llamó la atención del presidente de Nintendo, Hiroshi Yamauchi. La propia compañía estaba experimentando nuevos horizontes y el invento de Yokoi fue un la excusa perfecta para empezar a innovar. Gunpei perfeccionó su creación lanzándola bajo el nombre Ultra Hand y Nintendo vendió más de 1.2 millones de unidades, colocándose en una posición importante de la industria juguetera.
Un nuevo horizonte para Yokoi
Con la bendición de Yamauchi, Yokoi desarrolló una serie de juguetes para Nintendo durante los años siguientes. Entre muchos de ellos estaba el Ultra Scope, un periscopio para niños, y la Ultra Machine, que lanzaba pelotas a distancia. Todos con excelentes numeros de ventas. Pero pronto Yokoi volvió a su formación en electrónica y su amor por las novedades. En conjunto con Nintendo lanzó un juego llamado Love Tester o «prueba de amor», donde una pareja se tomaba de las manos y sostenían el artefacto para completar el circuito. Luego, el juguete vaticinaba lo compatibles que eran. Fue un gran éxito.
Yokoi seguía conectando logros. Al cabo de poco tiempo se asoció con Masayuki Uemura, un ejecutivo de Sharp contratado por Nintendo, para trabajar en la tecnología de células solares de detección de luz. Los dos crearon los juegos Beam Gun, donde el jugador apuntaba con una pistola de juguete a un objetivo de la pantalla. Si la luz golpeaba el sensor correctamente, el juguete reaccionaría. Este desarrollo se convirtió rápidamente en parte integral del hardware incluido en el famoso Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) y su evolución el SNES.
De Game & Watch a Game Boy
A partir de aquel momento, Yokoi se trasladó casi exclusivamente al ámbito de los juguetes electrónicos. Su siguiente invento para Nintendo moldearía significativamente el futuro de toda la empresa y lo que es hoy en día. Al ver que el costo de las piezas necesarias para fabricar dispositivos electrónicos básicos, como calculadoras, se había reducido drásticamente en los años 60, Yokoi se propuso crear un juego que utilizara la tecnología existente para mantener el precio bajo control. Fue Game & Watch, el padre de todos los dispositivos portátiles de Nintendo.
A medida que estos dispositivos se volvieron más complejos, Yokoi se vio obligado a crear mejores entradas de control. Creó la cruz de control, un solo botón que movía al personaje en pantalla en cuatro direcciones dependiendo del manejo.
Al mismo tiempo, Shigeru Miyamoto, quien luego fue presidente, estaba completando la transición de Nintendo hacia el desarrollo de videojuegos. A Miyamoto se le asignó la tarea de crear un juego para máquinas recreativas en Estados Unidos y desarrolló Donkey Kong. Yokoi colaboró en producirlo, aunque la historia ha atribuido los méritos en gran parte al primero. En poco tiempo, os personajes incluidos en este título definieron a la compañía para siempre.
La serie Game & Watch continuó siendo un éxito para Nintendo. Evolucionó hasta converirse en lo que hoy se conoce como el Game Boy, la consola portátil más popular de la historia.
La caída y el legado de Yokoi
A pesar de ser responsable de más de dos décadas de éxitos, la reputación de Yokoi dentro de Nintendo empezó a deteriorarse debido al fracaso del Virtual Boy, una nueva plataforma de juegos en 3D que simplemente no funcionó en el mercado. Ya sea por vergüenza o por la decisión de comenzar de nuevo, presentó su renuncia a Nintendo el 15 de agosto de 1996.
Después de dejar la compañía, fundó su propia empresa llamada Laboratorio Koto. Ahí supervisó el desarrollo de una computadora de mano llamada WonderSwan para Bandai. Sin embargo, nunca vio el lanzamiento de su último producto ya que estuvo involucrado en un accidente de tráfico el 4 de octubre de 1997. El accidente fue menor, pero cuando salió para ver los daños, fue atropellado por otro automóvil. Murió en el hospital ese mismo día.
A pesar de que la carrera de Yokoi en los videojuegos terminó cuesta abajo con su renuncia, su influencia sobre la industria es innegable. Ya fuera por la producción de Game Boy o la invención de múltiples tecnologías, se ganó el respeto de sus compañeros y competidores. Sin él, hoy no existirían muchos de los avances de la industria y hubiesen tomado muchos años en ser desarrollados.
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