La historia de Estados Unidos se cuenta en kilómetros, en millas y en viajes de carretera que transforman el tiempo y el paisaje. La Ruta 66 es una arteria icónica en este país, una de las líneas más importantes que va más allá del mapa, que representa incluso como un símbolo los sucesos del siglo XX. Desde la Gran Depresión en los años 30 hasta el impulso de la globalización. Cruzando de costa a costa un recorrido de casi 4,000 km a través de ocho estados, es uno de los itinerarios más reconocido internacionalmente. La larguísima carretera que llegó a convertirse en mito.
La construcción de la Ruta 66, de Chicago a Santa Mónica
La Ruta 66 comenzó a trazarse en 1923 como una de las primeras vías de la Red de Carreteras Federales de Estados Unidos. Se señalizó en 1927 y terminó de pavimentarse por completo en 1938. Inicia en Chicago, en el estado de Illinois. Continúa por Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Nuevo México, Arizona y termina en Santa Mónica, Los Ángeles, California.
Su promotor, Cyrus Avery, fue quien le puso el nombre buscando un número redondo fácil de identificar que no estuviera asignado a ninguna carretera interestatal. Pasando por el 60 y el 62, finalmente quedó el 66. Un número doble con encanto, sencillo de recordar y bastante atractivo tanto al decirlo como al oírlo.
The Mother Road
El autor John Steinbeck bautizó la Ruta 66 como The Mother Road en su libro Las uvas de la ira de 1939. Este sobrenombre todavía sigue vigente por el evidente significado que el escritor le dio a la carretera en su obra.
Durante la Gran Depresión de los años 30, parte de la población rural del estado de Oklahoma migró hacia California buscando nuevas oportunidades de trabajo. Para dirigirse así a la Costa Oeste, tomaron esta carretera como principal conexión entonces.
Sin embargo, aunque la ruta desempeñó esta función de éxodo durante la década, sirvió de nexo para cualquier viajero con destino a Los Ángeles. De hecho, pronto adquirió un tinte turístico por los grandes atractivos que contenía a lo largo de su recorrido. Entre ellos los desiertos de Arizona y el Gran Cañón del Colorado.
Fuente de la imagen: Pexels
Regreso al pasado por la Ruta 66
Los casi 4,000 km de recorrido de la Ruta 66 exigen un mínimo de dos semanas para atravesarla de inicio a fin. Además de un equipamiento adecuado que permita conducir largas distancias y soportar sequía y calor extremos. El viaje suele dividirse en varias etapas y aunque el trazado de la ruta cambió en varias ocasiones a lo largo del tiempo, todavía conserva grandes enclaves míticos en toda su extensión que recuerdan los buenos tiempos de la épica carretera.
Montones de establecimientos y restaurantes al estilo de los años 50. Moteles y gasolineras únicas en medio de la nada. Ranchos y cafeterías alumbradas con neón de colores y el típico Cadillac americano con sus aletas traseras.
En conjunto, todos estos puntos en el mapa ameritan una parada en el viaje como parte de la experiencia de recorrer la Ruta 66. Muchos de ellos fueron escenario incluso de alguna película, o el hospedaje de grandes estrellas de Hollywood.
El recorrido en la actualidad
En la actualidad, la Ruta 66 pasó a un tercer plano después de la construcción de multitud de autopistas que comunican de forma más eficiente los estados que recorre su trazado original.
En junio de 1985 se retiró oficialmente de la Red de Carreteras de Estados Unidos al haberse reemplazado por la Red de Autopistas Interestatales. Sin embargo, partes de la ruta todavía constan en los mapas bajo el nombre Historic Route 66, especialmente en Illinois, Nuevo México y Arizona. Una carretera para la historia que sigue formando parte de este tiempo como destino turístico de los más apasionados del motor.
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