Dormir 6 horas al día, como mínimo, es la recomendación de los especialistas para mantener buena salud física y mental. Pero, ¿qué le sucede a nuestro cuerpo cuando no lo hacemos? Esta y otras preguntas se han respondido en un estudio sobre la pérdida de sueño consecutiva y sus efectos en el bienestar.
Los efectos de la pérdida de sueño
La publicación se realizó en el periódico Annals of Behavioral Medicine en el año 2021. La responsable fue la profesora Soomi Lee, de la Universidad del Sur de la Florida, Estados Unidos. Para responder la cuestión antes planteada, reclutó a 1,958 voluntarios de mediana edad, relativamente saludables y educados.
El 42% de los participantes experimentó lo que llaman un “sueño atípico”. Es decir, dormían aproximadamente una hora y media menos de lo usual. Y para que los especialistas comprendieran las consecuencias de la pérdida de sueño, elaboraron un registro detallado. Durante 8 días, cada voluntario registró en un diario su estado físico y mental.
Las alteraciones más significativas empezaron a manifestarse tras la primera noche de mal sueño. Eventualmente, los problemas se fueron acumulando hasta alcanzar un máximo hacia el tercer día. En ese lapso, el cuerpo logró adaptarse a la pérdida continua de sueño. Sin embargo, seguía enviando señales de malestar hasta un empeoramiento significativo en el sexto día.
Surgió la ira, nerviosismo, irritabilidad y frustración. También aparecieron dolores, malestar gastrointestinal y problemas respiratorios. Resultó evidente que la ausencia de un adecuado descanso se traduce en un deterioro del bienestar físico y sobre todo mental.
6 horas de sueño
Los síntomas siguieron intensificándose mientras se mantuvo la pérdida consecutiva del sueño. La situación de los voluntarios sólo mejoró cuando empezaron a dormir más de 6 horas al día. “Muchos creen erróneamente que podemos ‘pagar’ las horas de sueño faltantes los sábados y domingos, mientras nos mantenemos productivos el resto de la semana. Pero, el estudio revela que apenas una noche de mal sueño perjudica significativamente el desempeño diario”. Palabras de la doctora Lee.
Peor aún, una vez que el hábito se establece, es cada vez más complicado que el cuerpo se recupere. Con el tiempo se vuelve un círculo vicioso que perjudica nuestro bienestar. Según anteriores estudios de Soomi Lee, perder apenas 16 minutos de sueño es suficiente para disminuir el desempeño en las actividades laborales, en la conciencia y en la atención. Estos dos últimos son esenciales en el control del estrés.
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