Solemos decir que la realidad siempre supera a la ficción, tanto que muchas veces las películas se basan en historias verídicas que sucedieron en algún momento. A veces pasa lo contrario, y es el cine el que inspira determinados acontecimientos. Por lo que de alguna manera existe una relación de retroalimentación entre ambos lados de este mundo del entretenimiento. Una línea imaginaria que funciona como un espejo de dos direcciones.
Este artículo recopila una selección de la revista Fotogramas de siete títulos que marcaron un antes y un después en la sociedad y en la cultura. Siete películas que reflejaron la cruda realidad que nos envolvió en un momento dado de la historia y que lograron cambiar algunas cosas de nuestra idiosincrasia a través de la visibilidad y la difusión.
Para que un filme pueda ejercer cierta influencia en la sociedad debe tratar en profundidad temas que atañen a la sociedad en sí, y así establecer el vínculo en la conciencia colectiva que lleve a la reflexión y al análisis. Las películas de esta lista tratan, de hecho, varios de los temas más trascendentales de nuestra historia, siendo incluso tabú algunos de ellos o asuntos de controversia y debate complicado.
El discurso de El Gran Dictador
El Gran Dictador es un clásico de 1940 en el que Charles Chaplin presentó una sátira ácida y mordaz contra el nazismo que en aquel momento desplegaba su régimen beligerante por toda Europa.
No solo es una película a destacar por haber sido estrenada en pleno inicio de la II Guerra Mundial, sino por el mensaje que lanzó con una contundencia abrumadora.
Al final de la cinta, el actor y director se dirigió a cámara con un discurso memorable y atemporal que logró captar la atención de todos los que miraban hacia otro lado ante lo que estaba sucediendo en Alemania.
Todos los hombres del Presidente y el periodismo de investigación
Esta película protagonizada por Robert Redford y Dustin Hoffman en 1976 aborda el caso Watergate. El escándalo político por el que Richard Nixon renunció a la presidencia tras ser descubierto su intento por deshacerse de unos documentos que lo incriminaban por espionaje ilícito al partido opositor.
La película cuenta la historia de los dos periodistas del Washington Post que averiguaron y revelaron la trama política. Como resultado, la conspiración se hizo popular en todo el mundo y sentó las bases del periodismo de investigación, aumentando considerablemente el interés de los estudiantes por especializarse en esta carrera.
Juegos de guerra, el origen de los hackers
La película Juegos de guerra, protagonizada por un joven Matthew Broderick en 1983, cuenta la historia de un hacker informático que se infiltra por error en sistemas de control de lanzamiento de misiles estadounidenses y soviéticos, durante los últimos años de la Guerra Fría.
La premisa de la película impactó tanto en su momento que el presidente de los Estados Unidos, Ronald Reagan, publicó varios decretos enfocados a la protección cibernética del país. Además de despertar la curiosidad de infinidad de informáticos que terminaron creando la comunidad de hackers que conocemos hoy en día.
Wall Street y otras películas sobre el capitalismo
Esta película de 1987 dirigida por Oliver Stone y protagonizada por Michael Douglas y Charlie Sheen muestra el lado más oscuro del mundo bursátil y de las inversiones financieras.
Trata temas como la especulación, la corrupción o el tráfico de influencias, la cara fea del capitalismo, lo que para muchos promovió movimientos sociales en contra de este sistema político y económico mundial.
Philadelphia y la crisis del SIDA
En las décadas de los 80 y 90, el SIDA protagonizó una de las crisis sanitarias y sociales más severas de los últimos años. Era un tema tabú, cuyo desconocimiento favoreció su transmisión hasta cierto punto descontrolada y pasó a ser un problema de talla internacional.
Philadelphia se estrenó en medio del desequilibrio social que giraba en torno al VIH, en 1993. Protagonizada por Tom Hanks y Denzel Washington, visibilizó los prejuicios y la discriminación que existía hacia los portadores del virus, abriendo una puerta al conocimiento y la normalización que existe hoy en día.
Elephant y Bowling for Columbine
Elephant es una película de 2003 basada en los acontecimientos ocurridos en la Escuela Secundaria de Columbine el 20 de abril de 1999.
Por primera vez se habló públicamente de uno de los problemas más graves de la sociedad en Estados Unidos, los tiroteos masivos en las aulas. Y se convirtió el caso de Columbine en el más representativo de todos, como un icono de la controversia del uso legítimo de armas en el país.
Junto con esta cinta, se publicaron otras películas como el documental de 2002 de Michael Moore, Bowling for Columbine, que abre debate sobre la violencia y las causas que desencadenan actos de estas proporciones.
Farenheit 9/11 y las películas de Michael Moore
Seguimos con Michael Moore, y es que el cineasta se caracteriza por tratar los temas de mayor controversia desde un punto de vista crítico y progresista, arriesgando en muchas ocasiones su carrera por dar su opinión.
El documental de 2004 Farenheit 9/11 sacó a la luz varios intereses ocultos de la presidencia de George Bush relacionados con los atentados del 11 de septiembre de 2001 en el World Trade Center de Nueva York. Esta película terminó con la imagen pública del presidente y reveló las supuestas causas que derivaron en las invasiones de Irak y Afganistán.
En consecuencia, puso en tela de juicio las decisiones del país más importante del mundo a ojos de la audiencia internacional, que empezó a cuestionarse la naturaleza de algunos de los conflictos bélicos del momento.
La influencia de las películas
Después de todo, el cine es una parte fundamental de nuestra cultura y nuestro entretenimiento. Nunca dejará de ser un reflejo más o menos fiel de lo que sucede a diario y lo más normal es que llegue a cambiar nuestra percepción sobre algunas cosas.
No obstante, no hay que olvidar que, como tal, las películas no son más que ideas y conceptos de un grupo de guionistas y directores, contadas a través de imágenes y una historia. Por lo que hay que tomarlas como vienen y utilizar la razón para dejarse influir o no por sus mensajes. Nunca viene mal conocer otros puntos de vista y dar visibilidad a lo que pasa ahí fuera, pero siempre con ojo crítico y objetivo, pensando por uno mismo y aplicando nuestro criterio personal.
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