Probablemente Sísifo sea más famoso por su castigo en el inframundo que por lo que hizo a lo largo de su vida. Según la mitología griega, Sísifo es el único ser humano que fue capaz de engañar a los dioses y por ello se le condenó a rodar una roca hasta la cima de una montaña, solo para que volviera a rodar hasta el fondo una y otra vez. Los dioses fueron sabios al percibir que una eternidad de trabajo inútil era uno de los castigos más crueles que pudieron idear.
El origen de Sísifo, el rey engañoso
Sísifo era el rey de la ciudad de Ephyra, en Corinto. En la mitología griega, era hijo del rey Eolo de Tesalia y Enarete. Fundó esta ciudad y fungió como su primer rey a lado de su esposa, la ninfa Merope y sus cuatro hijos, Glaucus, Ornytion, Almus y Thersander.
Aunque Sísifo ayudó a que su ciudad se convirtiera en un centro comercial relevante en la Antigüedad, era considerado manipulador y engañoso. En numerosas ocasiones, violó la Xenia, contrato de hospitalidad y generosidad hacia los viajeros e invitados. Todo por demostrar ser un rey despiadado e infundir respeto.
Estas violaciones llegaron a oídos de Zeus, que se encargaba de promover el concepto. En una ocasión, Sísifo enfureció a Zeus cuando reveló al dios del río Asopo dónde estaba su hija Egina, que Zeus había secuestrado. A cambio de esta información, Asopo creó un manantial para fluir en la Acrópolis de la ciudad de Ephyra. El padre de los dioses, entonces furioso, decidió castigar a Sísifo para siempre. Le pidió a Thanatos, dios de la muerte, que se lo llevara y lo encadenara en el Inframundo, un castigo muy parecido al de Prometeo.
La primera ofensa a los dioses
Cuando Thanatos fue a cumplir con su labor, el rey le preguntó como último deseo de vida si podía mostrarle cómo funcionaban realmente las cadenas de la muerte. Thanatos estuvo de acuerdo en enseñarle y Sísifo encadenó rápidamente al dios griego. Habiendo amarrado a la muerte, ningún mortal podría fallecer e ir al Inframundo. Un hecho que resquebrajaba el orden natural de las cosas y repercutía directamente en el dios de la guerra Ares, quien no comprendía el motivo de la nula mortalidad en sus batallas.
Ante esta situación, Ares buscó en todo el mundo y descubrió al dios de la muerte escondido en casa de Sísifo. Lo liberó y se dio a la tarea de encontrar al rey para que fuese juzgado. Cuando pudo atraparlo, Sísifo se entregó si ofrecer resistencia y ambos se reunieron de vuelta con Thanatos de inmediato.
La segunda ofensa a los dioses
Sin embargo, antes de rendirse y morir, Sísifo pidió astutamente a su esposa Merope que arrojase su cuerpo sin vida en la plaza de la ciudad como prueba de amor. Al poco tiempo, sus restos terminaron tirados y abandonados a las orillas del río Estigia.
El rey, ahora en el inframundo, contó a Perséfone, la reina de este lugar, lo que había sucedido. Pidió libertad para regresar con los vivos y castigar a su esposa por no realizar los rituales de muerte adecuados. Perséfone estuvo de acuerdo y dio permiso al rey para cumplir su cometido.
Tan pronto había regresado, Sísifo huyó y se escondió esperando no ser llevado de vuelta al Inframundo. Al final, fue el dios Hermes quien lo encontró y lo arrastró de nuevo hasta allí. Harto de los trucos y la astucia de Sísifo, su arrogancia y sus engaños, Zeus lo castigó para toda la eternidad. Debía empujar una roca cuesta arriba, a la cima de una montaña. Una roca que caería perpetuamente bajando por la ladera cada vez que llegase a la cumbre. Esta insufrible tarea tendría que realizarla una y otra vez.
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