Amelia Earhart fue una piloto estadounidense que estableció muchos récords de vuelo y luchó por el lugar de las mujeres en la industria de la aviación. Se convirtió en la primera mujer en volar sola a través del Océano Atlántico, y la primera persona en volar sola desde Hawái a EE.UU. Durante un viaje para dar la vuelta al mundo, Earhart desapareció en algún lugar sobre el Pacífico en julio de 1937. Los restos de su avión nunca fueron encontrados y se le declaró oficialmente perdida en el mar. Su desaparición sigue siendo uno de los mayores misterios sin resolver del siglo XX.
El primer contacto de Earhart con la aviación
Amelia Mary Earhart nació en Atchison, Kansas, el 24 de julio de 1897. Desafió los roles de género tradicionales desde una edad temprana. Jugó a baloncesto, tomó un curso de reparación de automóviles y asistió brevemente a la universidad. Durante la I Guerra Mundial se desempeñó como auxiliar de enfermería de la Cruz Roja en Toronto, Canadá. Allí comenzó a pasar tiempo observando a los pilotos en el tren del Royal Flying Corps en un aeródromo local mientras estaba de servicio.
Después de la guerra, regresó a los Estados Unidos y se matriculó en la Universidad de Columbia, en Nueva York, como estudiante de pre-medicina. Earhart tomó su primer viaje en avión en California en diciembre de 1920 con el famoso piloto de la Gran Guerra Frank Hawks, y quedó enganchada para siempre.
En enero de 1921, empezó a recibir lecciones de vuelo con el instructor Neta Snook. Para ayudar a pagar esas lecciones, trabajó como asistente de archivo en la Compañía Telefónica de Los Ángeles. Más tarde, ese año, compró su primer avión, un Kinner Airster de segunda mano. Lo apodó «el canario» por su color amarillo.
Earhart pasó su prueba de vuelo en diciembre de 1921, obteniendo una licencia de la Asociación Nacional de Aeronáutica. Dos días después, participó en su primera exhibición en el Aeródromo Sierra en Pasadena, California.
Fuente de la imagen: New York Times
Los récords de Amelia Earhart
Amelia Earhart estableció varios récords de aviación en su corta carrera. Su primero llegó en 1922 cuando se convirtió en la primera mujer en volar sola por encima de los 14,000 pies.
En 1932, se convirtió en la primera mujer y la segunda persona, después de Charles Lindbergh, en volar sola a través del Océano Atlántico. Salió de Terranova, Canadá, el 20 de mayo y llegó un día después, aterrizando en un campo de vacas cerca de Londonderry, Irlanda del Norte.
Al regresar a los Estados Unidos, el Congreso le otorgó la Distinguished Flying Cross, una condecoración militar al «heroísmo o logro extraordinario mientras participaba en un vuelo aéreo». Fue también la primera mujer en recibir el honor.
En el mismo año, Earhart realizó el primer vuelo sin escalas en solitario a través de los Estados Unidos. Comenzó en Los Ángeles y aterrizó 19 horas después en Newark, Nueva Jersey. También se convirtió en la primera persona en volar sola desde Hawái a los Estados Unidos en 1935.
El vuelo inacabado alrededor del mundo
El 1 de junio de 1937, Amelia Earhart despegó de Oakland, California, en un intento de dar la vuelta alrededor del mundo y convertirse en la primera mujer en hacerlo.
La acompañaba el navegante Fred Noonan. Volaron a Miami, luego a América del Sur, África, al este a la India y el sudeste de Asia. La pareja llegó a Lae, Nueva Guinea, el 29 de junio, tras haber recorrido 14,000 km. Faltaban 4,500 km más antes de llegar nuevamente a Oakland.
Ambos pilotos partieron de Lae hacia la pequeña isla Howland, su próxima parada, para reabaster combustible el 2 de julio. Fue la última vez que Earhart fue vista con vida.
El presidente Franklin D. Roosevelt autorizó una búsqueda masiva de dos semanas, pero nunca los encontraron. El 19 de julio de 1937, Earhart y Noonan fueron declarados perdidos en el mar.
Los académicos y entusiastas de la aviación han propuesto muchas teorías sobre lo que le sucedió a Amelia Earhart. La posición oficial del gobierno de Estados Unidos es que ambos se estrellaron en el Océano Pacífico, pero existen numerosas teorías sobre su desaparición.
Fuente de la imagen: Alamy
La teoría del desplome y el hundimiento
Según la teoría del accidente y el hundimiento, el avión de Earhart se quedó sin gasolina mientras buscaba la isla Howland. Se estrelló poco después en el océano, en algún lugar cercano a la isla.
La hipótesis de la isla Gardner
El Grupo Internacional para la Recuperación de Aeronaves Históricas postuló que Earhart y Noonan se desviaron del rumbo de la isla Howland y aterrizaron a unas 350 millas al suroeste de la isla Gardner, ahora Nikumaroro, en la República de Kiribati. La isla estaba deshabitada en aquel momento.
Se cree que pudieron haber sobrevivido durante días o incluso semanas en la isla como náufragos, antes de morir allí.
Otras teorías sobre la desaparición de Earhart
Además de las mencionadas, existen numerosas teorías, más conspiranoicas, sobre la desaparición de Earhart. Una de ellas defiende que ambos fueron capturados y ejecutados por los japoneses.
Otra afirma que sirvieron como espías encubiertos para la administración de Roosevelt, asumiendo nuevas identidades al regresar a los Estados Unidos.
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