El 18 de marzo de 1937 tuvo lugar un funesto acontecimiento en Estados Unidos que cambiaría para siempre la manera en que manipulamos el gas natural. Una trágica explosión en la escuela de New London, Texas, en la que murieron aproximadamente 295 estudiantes y maestros. Desde aquel momento y hasta el día de hoy se han evitado eventos similares gracias a la adición de una simple pero necesaria cualidad en el elemento químico, el olor. Aunque muchos no lo sepan, el gas natural no huele, por lo que antes de agregarle esta propiedad, era prácticamente imperceptible.
La tragedia, considerada el tercer desastre más mortífero en la historia de Texas, fue resultado de varios factores. Los cimientos en un terreno inclinado dieron lugar a un gran espacio de aire encerrado bajo la estructura. Se instalaron calentadores de gas en lugar de una caldera y un sistema de vapor, que era el plan original. Se instaló también un grifo de gas directo de una compañía de gasolina. Y por supuesto, el entonces inapreciable olor a gas natural.
Por fortuna, no toda la población estudiantil estaba en el edificio en aquel momento. Los estudiantes de primero a cuarto grado habían salido temprano a una competencia escolar en un pueblo vecino. Pero los resultados del accidente fueron absolutamente catastróficos.
La sucesión de acontecimientos previos a la explosión de gas natural
Algunos estudiantes se habían quejado de dolor de cabeza, un síntoma habitual tras inhalar cierta cantidad de gas. Pero nunca se investigó la causa. El grifo directo había tenido una fuga que más tarde se acumuló dentro del espacio cerrado que se extendía bajo el edificio. A las 3:17 p.m., un instructor encendió una lijadora eléctrica, cuyo interruptor se cree que detonó la explosión de gas y aire.
El estruendo resultante se escuchó en millas a la redonda, además del ruido del colapso del edificio y la destrucción general del entorno. Aproximadamente 500 estudiantes y 40 profesores estaban en las instalaciones en aquel momento. De los cuales murieron alrededor de 295.
Una reunión de padres cercana facilitó la intervención casi inmediata para retirar escombros y examinar la zona y los daños. Los trabajadores de los campos petroleros aledaños facilitaron su material pesado para excavar el área y ayudar al rescate. Pronto llegó ayuda de todo el estado, que se desplegó durante 17 horas hasta despejarlo todo. Dado que no todos los edificios del campus fueron destruidos, se crearon aulas improvisadas y las clases se reanudaron diez días después. Una nueva escuela se completó dos años más tarde, detrás del edificio original.
Semanas después del accidente la Legislatura de Texas ordenó la adición de olor al gas natural para detectar sus fugas rápidamente. Esta práctica se extendió enseguida por todo el mundo. Siendo tan común para la población actual que muchos ni siquiera saben que el gas, en sí, no huele.
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