The Revenant se estrenó en cines en el año 2015 con un gran éxito en taquilla y crítica. Es la película con la que Leonardo DiCaprio se llevó su primer Oscar al mejor actor, además de ganar otros premios de la Academia y más certámenes. La historia del filme fascinó y sobrecogió a partes iguales a la audiencia por la crudeza de los sucesos y la excelente forma de mostrarlos del director, Alejandro González Iñárritu. Sin lugar a dudas, The Revenant se ganó un lugar en el cine biográfico y en la memoria del espectador, como una de las adaptaciones a la gran pantalla mejor llevadas de los últimos años. Pero, ¿qué hay de cierto en la historia argumental? ¿Fueron verdad todas las escenas de sufrimiento y supervivencia al límite? La respuesta es sí, o al menos, parte de ellas. The Revenant se basa en la novela homónima del autor Michael Punke, que describe las experiencias de vida de Hugh Glass a principios del siglo XIX.
Glass está considerado un personaje histórico de cierta transcendencia en la época en Estados Unidos, en este caso interpretado por DiCaprio. La película desarrolla los sucesos acaecidos entre 1822 y 1823 en una expedición hacia el valle del río Yellowstone por el río Missouri. Viaje que termina complicándose terriblemente por el ataque de un oso grizzly y que deriva en una de las historias de supervivencia más épicas de la crónica estadounidense. Este es el caso real.
El cazador y explorador Hugh Glass
Aunque los primeros años de la vida de Hugh Glass son desconocidos, se cree que nació en Pensilvania en 1783.
Glass fue explorador, cazador y comerciante de la frontera de Estados Unidos, conocido especialmente por sus hazañas en el lado oeste del país a principios del siglo XIX.
Hugh Glass trascendió en la historia norteamericana por la extensa documentación que existe acerca de sus campañas como explorador y sus expediciones a lo largo del río Missouri en lo que hoy son los estados de Dakota del Sur y Montana.
Su aventura más importante y conocida es el trayecto de vuelta de su excursión por el río Missouri, después de haber sido atacado salvajemente por un oso grizzly. Esta historia fue retratada, además de en la película The Revenant, en otra titulada Man in the Wilderness en 1971.
La expedición por el río Missouri
En el año 1822, el general William Henry Ashley, comerciante de pieles y político estadounidense, publicó un anuncio buscando emprendedores interesados en ascender el río Missouri en una expedición de uno a tres años.
Hugh Glass fue uno de los que participaron en la misión propuesta, junto a otros cazadores de la zona que formaron el grupo conocido como Ashley’s Hundred. Los Cien de Ashley. Entre ellos se encontraba John Fitzgerald, interpretado en The Revenant por Tom Hardy, el antagonista.
El recorrido se había previsto remontando el río Missouri hasta el valle del río Grande y más tarde el valle del río Yellowstone, en la zona que actualmente ocupa Dakota del Sur.
El ataque del oso grizzly a Hugh Glass
Tras ciertos encontronazos con la tribu de los arikaras, Hugh Glass se cruzó en el camino de una osa grizzly con sus dos oseznos en el mes de agosto de 1823. Se encontraba en las orillas del río Grande, en el que hoy es el condado de Perkins. Y antes de que pudiera ahuyentar a la osa con su fusil, ésta lo atacó con violencia acorralándolo en el suelo.
Glass trató de defenderse con un cuchillo, apuñalándola repetidas veces. Pero no sirvió de nada. La osa lo zarpeó con fiereza, causándole múltiples heridas enormes y profundas. La escena reconstruida en The Revenant refleja fielmente la crudeza del suceso y la violencia incontenible del animal.
Después del forcejeo, Glass consiguió matarla con la ayuda de John Fitzgerald y Jim Bridger, pero ya estaba gravemente herido y sin posibilidad de caminar.
Ante tal escenario, el equipo de expedición consideró que las heridas eran mortales y que Glass no sobreviviría. Por lo que designaron a dos voluntarios para acompañar al cazador hasta su muerte. Fueron precisamente Bridger y Fitzgerald quienes se ofrecieron, dejando a los demás continuar su camino.
Ambos compañeros se dispusieron entonces a cavar la tumba de Glass, hasta que de repente se vieron interrumpidos de nuevo por los arikaras. Buscando resolver su situación, tomaron sus armas y se fueron. Dejaron a Glass solo y a la intemperie en el bosque e informaron al líder de la misión, falsamente, que ya había muerto.
El regreso y la supervivencia de Hugh Glass
Glass estaba solo. No tenía armas ni equipo y se encontraba en nefastas condiciones. Tenía una pierna rota, heridas en la espalda tan grandes y profundas que dejaban expuestas sus costillas e infección en cortes por todo el cuerpo. Estaba a una distancia de más de 300 km del pueblo más cercano, el Fuerte Kiowa, en Missouri. Y definitivamente, todas las probabilidades en su contra.
En un acto de supervivencia extrema, buscó la forma de curar su pierna vendándola con lo poco que le habían dejado sus compañeros. Se ayudó de gusanos y otros insectos para limpiar sus heridas de carne muerta y evitar la gangrena. Comenzó a trasladarse arrastrándose por el suelo y se dirigió hacia el río Cheyenne para huir de la hostilidad de las tribus locales.
Después de seis semanas llegó al río y pasó todo ese tiempo sobreviviendo a base de raíces y bayas silvestres. Una de las escenas más sorprendentes de la película retrata el momento en que Glass se alimenta de la carne cruda de un bisonte, que en realidad pudo conseguir espantando a unos lobos que lo habían matado.
Una vez en el río Cheyenne, creó una balsa con lo que pudo y descendió el cauce hasta llegar a Kiowa. Durante ese trayecto tuvo la suerte de encontrarse con unos nativos amistosos que cosieron sus heridas, hecho que literalmente le ayudó a salvar su vida.
Un tiempo después de su inusitada recuperación, se marcó el objetivo de la venganza contra los que lo habían abandonado. Dejando de lado a Bridger, por ser demasiado joven, buscó incansablemente a Fitzgerald para matarlo. Lo salvó que se había enrolado en el ejército y no podía asesinarlo, pero lo amenazó con que jamás saliera, ya que él estaría esperando para volver a encontrarlo.
Hugh Glass murió finalmente en el invierno de 1933 en el río Yellowstone, tras un ataque de los arikara. Los eternos enemigos en la sombra que lo habían perseguido durante casi toda su vida.
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