Los opositores al suicidio asistido han expresado su preocupación por la creación de una «máquina de eutanasia», desarrollada por el doctor australiano Philip Nitschke. El derecho de las personas a morir ha causado controversia regularmente al ayudar a lo que él llama «suicidios racionales».
Trasfondo en la creación del dispositivo
Habiendo desarrollado máquinas en el pasado que podrían ser utilizadas por individuos para inyectarse dosis letales de barbitúricos, siendo estos sedantes del sistema nervioso, el Dr. Nitschke dice que ahora está cerca de finalizar un nuevo dispositivo que utiliza gas nitrógeno para causar la muerte.
Comenta que la idea de la invención surgió como consecuencia de conversaciones en 2012 sobre el caso del británico Tony Nicklinson. El paciente sufría de síndrome de enclavamiento como resultado de un derrame cerebral grave en 2005, que lo dejó incapaz de hablar o moverse.
Nicklinson peleó una batalla judicial larga y, en última instancia, tuvo un intento infructuoso de permitir que sus médicos le ayuden legalmente a suicidarse. En busca de opciones de suicidio asistido, su abogado contactó al Dr. Nitschke. El doctor comenzó a considerar cómo sería posible que un individuo cuyos movimientos se limitaran a parpadear pudieran provocar la muerte, sin la necesidad de que otras personas proporcionen ayuda.
El dispositivo resultante está destinado a ofrecer a las personas la opción de terminar pacíficamente su vida sin ayuda asistida, de acuerdo con el Dr. Nitschke, de manera efectiva y digna.
«La muerte no debería ser algo que haces escondido en una habitación trasera en alguna parte», dijo el Dr. Nitschke
El funcionamiento de la máquina de eutanasia
La máquina tiene un principio simple: una cápsula se llena de la cantidad de nitrógeno suficiente para inducir la muerte hipóxica al ocupante. Si bien el Dr. Nitschke argumenta que la muerte se produce sin molestias, acepta que todavía hay oposición a sus métodos, en parte por razones históricas. Existe la opinión popular de que el gas nunca podrá ser un método aceptable para el suicidio asistido en Europa debido a las connotaciones negativas del Holocausto. Algunos incluso han dicho que es solo una cámara de gas glorificada.
Una vez que se completa el proceso de hipoxiación, la cápsula biodegradable se puede separar de la base de la máquina para servir como ataúd de la persona fallecida.
![Máquina de eutanasia](https://tintaindomita.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Máquina-de-eutanasia.jpg)
El diseño futurista del Sarco, abreviatura de sarcófago, ha suscitado la preocupación de que está agregando glamour al suicidio.
La opinión de la audiencia
Se han realizado experiencias de realidad virtual del Sarco en diferentes locaciones de Europa. En específico hubo una en la iglesia de Westerkerk en Amsterdam para la Exposición Funeraria anual de la ciudad, lo que provocó preocupaciones entre la junta de la iglesia sobre cómo se recibiría la máquina.
«No apoyaremos ni podemos admitir ninguna sugerencia de uso de dicho equipo», declaró Jeroen Kramer, presidente de la junta de la iglesia de Westerkerk.
El Dr. Nitschke dijo que los miembros de la junta también pensaron que la tecnología y el diseño futurista de la máquina de eutanasia atraerían a un público más joven. Aunque ese no es el objetivo del diseño. A pesar de estas reservas, la pantalla de realidad virutal demostró ser popular entre los asistentes a la feria funeraria. La realidad virtual ofrece una manera para que las personas experimenten su propia muerte y la gente parecía estar realmente interesada en esto.
El futuro incierto del suicidio asistido y la máquina de eutanasia
Los métodos actuales de suicidio asistido tienden a involucrar presionar un interruptor o presionar un émbolo, pero tal actividad es imposible para muchos de los que buscan esta solución debido a la incapacidad física.
La condición del Sr. Nicklinson, que inspiró la creación de la máquina, significaba que su única forma de comunicarse era a través del parpadeo y los movimientos oculares. Lo cual llevó al Dr. Nitschke a investigar si una máquina podía activarse mediante comandos parpadeantes.
Negado por la ley del Reino Unido el derecho a terminar con su vida mediante el suicidio asistido, Nicklinson murió solo una semana después de que el proceso legal llegara a una conclusión, luego de rechazar alimentos y líquidos. Más allá de los enfermos terminales que buscan opciones para una forma digna de terminar con su vida, el Sarco también tiene la intención de abrir debate sobre la muerte y la eutanasia, sin las connotaciones subyacentes de la sociedad con base al miedo y sobre todo la conmoción.
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