Cualquier cinéfilo apasionado por el cine de terror muy probablemente ha visto alguna vez las terroríficas películas de Freddy Krueger. El famoso y temible villano, protagonista de la saga A nightmare on Elm Street de Wes Craven, en la que asesina despiadadamente a personas en sus sueños.
Desde el estreno de la primera cinta en 1984, la idea de ser masacrado mientras duermes es un concepto que ha perseguido a la audiencia de todo el mundo. Una fobia tan aterradora hoy como lo fue en aquel entonces.
La sinopsis de la película A nightmare on Elm Street
A nightmare on Elm Street se centra en Freddy, un psicópata enfermo que tenía como objetivo torturar y asesinar niños y adolescentes. Después de un tiempo, la ley logra atraparlo y juzgarlo por sus crímenes, pero un tecnicismo legal ante su condena le otorga la libertad condicional.
Al quedar libre, un grupo de padres insatisfechos deciden hacer justicia y lo cazan como si fuera un animal, prendiéndole fuego en la caldera de un edificio abandonado. Krueger jura venganza en su lecho de muerte, prometiendo atacar sus hijos en sus sueños, donde nadie puede protegerlos.
Según el mismo creador de las películas, la fuente de inspiración real fue una historia sucedida en algún lugar del sudeste asiático.
El caso real detrás de Freddy Krueger
Todo empezó a inicios de la década de 1980, cuando los periódicos estadounidenses publicaron una serie de historias breves que relataban un fenómeno inexplicable en el pais de Laos, al este de Tailandia.
Algunos hombres, relativamente sanos y sin antecedentes de trastornos mentales, comenzaron a reportar horribles pesadillas que los orillaron a suspender el sueño, ya que todo ocurría al entrar en la fase REM. El consumo de café y otros estimulantes los ayudó a permanecer despiertos al principio, pero después de algunos días finalmente sucumbieron ante el cansancio. Horas mas tarde, serían encontrados gritando y agitándose violentamente en sus camas, para terminar muriendo por causas desconocidas.
Este fenómeno fue cubierto en el New York Times en un artículo titulado Pesadillas sospechosas en la muerte de 18 laosianos. Según fuentes directas, nadie sospechó que algo misterioso estaba sucediendo hasta que la tercera y cuarta muertes ocurrieron repentinamente. Las extrañas coincidencias generaron intriga y especulación alrededor del tema. Todos eran jóvenes sanos que aparentemente habían muerto de miedo.
Cuando Craven se enteró del caso, quedó especialmente impactado por el hecho de que, incluso después de las autopsias, los médicos no podían encontrar una causa de muerte. Algunas personas de Laos atribuían el suceso a demonios que invadieron el reino de los sueños de estos hombres y finalmente los reclamaron en sus pesadillas. Estas crónicas forjaron los cimientos de la historia que Wes Craven desarrollaría a lo largo de su carrera como director y productor de cine de terror.
Otras fuentes de inspiración de Freddy Krueger
Freddy Krueger también se inspiró en dos personas de la infancia de Craven, un bully escolar llamado Fred Krueger y un rudo vagabundo de su pueblo.
El matón del colegio hizo lo mismo que su personaje homónimo en las películas, acosar y golpear al director durante varios años. En la película The Last House on the Left, Craven usó a su archienemigo, Fred Krueger, como molde para elaborar al villano, llamado esta vez Krug Stillo. Al parecer, el muchacho que lo molestaba dejó en su mente una huella imborrable, misma que lo llevó a convertir al personaje en la estrella de la franquicia A nightmare on elm street.
En cuanto al vagabundo, Craven describió su encuentro con el hombre en una entrevista grabada para su primera película de miedo.
Cuando Wes Craven era un niño de 10 años, encontró a un hombre muy parecido a Freddy caminando por la acera de su departamento. El vagabundo debió haberse sentido observado ya que se detuvo y buscó hasta dar directamente con la cara del curioso. El niño se asustó muchísimo, así que saltó a esconderse detrás de una pared y esperó hasta que lo escuchó alejarse. Cuando intuyó que se había ido, salió de su escondite, pero el tipo no solo seguía observando, sino que hizo un gesto con la cabeza como diciendo: «Sí, todavía estoy aquí».
Entonces, el hombre se acercó a la entrada del edificio y Wes corrió hacia la puerta mientras él entraba al piso inferior. Escuchó con detalle cómo subía las escaleras y su hermano, diez años mayor que él, tomó un bate de béisbol y salió a buscarlo. Pero al otro lado de la puerta ya no había nadie. El recuerdo de esa anécdota dejó marcado a Craven para siempre, todavía hoy le provoca pesadillas.
La supuesta explicación científica a la muerte durante el sueño
La revista médica Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences publicó un artículo titulado ¿Es la muerte nocturna repentina e inexplicable un trastorno respiratorio? En él, los investigadores discuten una condición que finalmente se conoció como síndrome de muerte nocturna repentina e inexplicable (SUNDS por sus siglas en inglés). SUNDS es conocido por varios nombres en Asia. «Lai Tai» en los dialectos del noreste de Tailandia, «Bangungut» en tagalo y «Pokkuri» en japonés. Por lo general, ocurre durante el ciclo REM del sueño en adultos varones, jóvenes y sanos. El resumen del artículo explica lo siguiente.
La condición ha sido reconocida por la gente de Tailandia durante muchos años. Los ancianos de la región han descrito que las víctimas de «Lai Tai» emiten fuertes gemidos y muestran signos de dificultad para respirar, se ponen rígidas y al poco tiempo mueren.
Las declaraciones de familiares y otros testigos revelaron que las muertes suelen ocurrir de la misma manera que las que describen estos ancianos. Los pacientes no respondían y eran difíciles de despertar. A partir de estos informes, se deduce que es probable que exista cierta inestabilidad del sistema fisiológico, especialmente en la respiración, durante la fase REM. Esto, en definitiva, puede causar la muerte súbita.
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