Todos los años, a principios de diciembre, los niños de Austria se preparan para que los visite San Nicolás o Santa Claus. Si han sido buenos, los recompensará con regalos y golosinas. Pero si han sido malos, obtendrán mucho más que un trozo de carbón: tendrán que enfrentarse a Krampus.
El folclore de la región Austro-Germánica
En la cultura popular de Austria y Alemania, Krampus es un ente mitad hombre mitad cabra con ojos ensangrentados, que se presenta todos los años para castigar a los niños que se han portado mal y, si la razón lo amerita, incluso llevarlos a rastras hasta el infierno. Las versiones europeas de San Nicolás han tenido durante mucho tiempo contrapartes aterradoras, en su mayoría sirvientes que trabajaban con él, como Belsnickle y Knecht Ruprecht, que reparten castigos a lo largo de la región Germánica.
A diferencia de esos ayudantes malignos, Krampus trabaja solo. Es un personaje oscuro que proviene del folclore de una región alpina lejana de Austria, donde su nombre ha alcanzado popularidad asustando y traumando a niños de todas las generaciones durante cientos de años.

El origen de Krampus
Krampus tiene su origen en las celebraciones paganas del solsticio de invierno. Más tarde, se convirtiría en parte de las tradiciones cristianas de la región en las que San Nicolás visita a los niños para recompensarlos en la noche del 5 de diciembre. Sin embargo, al día siguiente, su amenazador némesis haría lo mismo, pero esta vez para castigarlos. El 6 de diciembre se conoce como Krampusnacht, o noche de Krampus.
Los que tuvieran mal comportamiento, recibirían a la criatura en su casa por la noche, quien llegaría para hostigarlos, golpearlos y maltratarlos con sus fuertes garras y fauces aterradoras. Si la conducta hubiera sido demasiado deshonrosa, Krampus los encadenaría dentro de su saco y los llevaría directamente al infierno, donde obtendrían a la fuerza el castigo eterno.
Los adultos suelen apoyar esta tradición vistiéndose de Krampus para asustar a los niños, o inculcarles ciertas pautas con una especie de política del miedo. Es habitual ver al demonio corriendo por la calle durante el Krampuslauf, literalmente, se organiza una carrera de personas disfrazadas, el Krampuslauf.

El personaje navideño en la cultura popular
La introducción de los medios visuales masivos no pudo evitar arrastrar al carismático Krampus en su emergencia. Cuando la industria de las postales experimentó un auge en Alemania y Austria en la década de 1890, abrió el camino para las Krampuskarten, las tarjetas navideñas del popular personaje.
Muchas de estas postales mostraban al demonio ocupado en sus espantosos quehaceres. Otras, en cambio, tenían un contenido más trascendental, abordando temas políticos y sociales como la igualdad de género o la violencia doméstica. A principios del siglo XX, se retrataba al ser como una mujer azotando a hombres diminutos con palos de abedul y llevándoselos en su cartera. O a una mujer sonriente que sostiene a un Krampus derrotado en el aire. El personaje tradicional pasó a convertirse, de alguna manera, en un medio de sátira para los problemas de aquel entonces.
Krampus hoy en día
En el año 2004, el director de arte y diseñador gráfico Monte Beauchamp publicó un libro de las míticas tarjetas Krampus y colaboró en la organización de una exposición inspirada en el personaje.

Krampus se ha convertido desde entonces en una especie de icono de la ironía en Navidad. Actualmente existe todo tipo de merchandising y figuras con su imagen, incluyendo una película con su nombre presentada en 2015.
Aunque Krampus es relativamente nuevo y desconocido para las personas fuera de la región Germánica, ha tenido bastante aceptación. Y cómo no va a tenerla, si el personaje representa la versión cool y malvada del Santa Claus original.
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