Madam Walker, con nombre de soltera Sarah Breedlove, nació el 23 de diciembre de 1867, cerca de Delta, Luisiana, EE.UU. Fue una empresaria y filántropa afroamericana que se convirtió en la primera mujer multimillonaria del país norteamericano.
Los inicios de la carrera de Madam Walker
Sarah Breedlove fue la primogénita de su familia. Nació libre en la misma plantación de algodón donde sus padres Owen y Minerva fueron esclavos antes de la Guerra Civil estadounidense. Quedó huérfana a los siete años y, después de trabajar desde joven de doncella, se casó a los 14 años con un hombre llamado Moses McWilliams.
A su lado vivió una etapa sencilla pero feliz. Sin embargo, tras 6 años de matrimonio quedó viuda y con una niña pequeña a su cargo. Después del fallecimiento de su esposo, decidió seguir al resto de sus hermanos y se mudó a St. Louis, Missouri, donde trabajaban de peluqueros.
Laboró como lavandera mal pagada durante más de una década, tiempo en el que se unió a la Iglesia Episcopal Metodista Africana St. Paul. Allí participó en el coro y recibió asesoramiento por maestros y miembros de la Asociación Nacional de Mujeres de Color. Durante ese tiempo investigó varios productos comerciales de peluquería y experimentó con su propia fórmula para curar las infecciones que causaban la calvicie. Los siguientes dos años, fue agente de ventas de Annie Turnbo, la fundadora de la empresa de belleza Poro Company.
En 1905, a los 38 años, trabajó como cocinera para un farmacéutico, de quien aprendió la química básica que le permitió perfeccionar un ungüento que curaba la caspa y otros problemas de higiene. Estos padecimientos eran comunes en una época en que la mayoría de los estadounidenses carecían de plomería y agua potable. En 1906 se casó con Charles Joseph Walker y comenzó a alcanzar éxito local con el que más tarde se conoció como «Método Walker» o «Sistema Walker de la cultura de la belleza». A partir de entonces, se la conoció como Madam Walker.
El crecimiento de su imperio
En 1908, después de dos años entrenando comerciales propios en todo el sur y el este de EE.UU., Walker y su esposo se establecieron en Pittsburgh. Allí abrieron Lelia College of Beauty Culture, una escuela que lleva el nombre de su hija. Atraída por la próspera comunidad empresarial negra de Indianápolis, Madam Walker trasladó allí la sede de su empresa en 1910.
Continuó desarrollando su negocio viajando por el país y brindando oportunidades profesionales e independencia económica a miles de mujeres afroamericanas. En 1913 se expandió al Caribe y Centroamérica. Para 1919, había contratado más 25,000 agentes de ventas.
Simultáneamente, Madam Walker dejó su huella como filántropa. Sobre todo con donaciones al fondo de construcción de la Asociación Cristiana de Hombres Jóvenes Afroamericanos (YMCA) en Indianápolis y su contribución a la Asociación Nacional para el Avance de la Gente de Color. Proporcionó becas para estudiantes en varias universidades, internados, orfanatos y casas de retiro. También se volvió políticamente activa defendiendo los derechos de los soldados afroamericanos que sirvieron en Francia durante la I Guerra Mundial.
Entre sus astutas inversiones inmobiliarias se encuentra su mansión de Irvington, Nueva York, que ahora es un tesoro del Fideicomiso Nacional para la Preservación Histórica. Antes de su muerte en 1919, Walker compró una propiedad en el centro de Indianápolis que en 1927 se convirtió en el Madame Walker Theatre Center, otro hito histórico nacional. Con el tiempo se la recuerda con admiración y respeto por millones de personas en todo el mundo. Además, ostenta el récord Guiness de la primera mujer afroamericana en convertirse en multimillonaria.
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