Margaretha Zelle, conocida como Mata Hari, fue una bailarina exótica y agente encubierto que aceptó una misión francesa para espiar a Alemania en 1916, durante la I Guerra Mundial. No mucho después, sin embargo, fue acusada de ser un agente doble y ejecutada por un pelotón de fusilamiento el 15 de octubre de 1917, en París. El día de su muerte, rechazó que le pusieran una venda en los ojos y, según algunos informes, sonrió incluso a sus verdugos.
Mata Hari ha sido retratada como un arquetipo de mujer fatal y una de las más grandes espías de la historia. Su vida ha inspirado películas, musicales, libros y hasta un ballet.
Los primeros años de Mata Hari
Mata Hari nació como Margaretha Geertruida Zelle en Leeuwarden, Holanda, el 7 de agosto de 1876. Su padre, Adam Zelle, fue un comerciante de sombreros fracasado que abandonó a su familia. Su madre, Antje Zelle, enfermó y murió cuando ella tenía 15 años.
A temprana edad, decidió que la sexualidad era su boleto para sobresalir en la vida. A mediados de los 1890, respondió a un anuncio en prensa en el que se buscaba una novia para Rudolf MacLeod, un capitán militar que vivía en las Indias Orientales Holandesas. Le envió una foto de sí misma y, a pesar de una diferencia de 21 años, se casaron el 11 de julio de 1895, cuando ella tenía apenas 19. Tuvieron un matrimonio tortuoso de nueve años, eclipsado por los celos y los excesos de alcohol de MacLeod. Concibieron dos hijos, uno de los cuales murió envenenado cuando era muy pequeño en un suceso hasta hoy misterioso.
A principios de los 1900, el matrimonio se había deteriorado. Su esposo huyó con su hija y ella decidió mudarse a París. Allí, se convirtió en la amante de un diplomático francés que la convenció de convertirse en bailarina.
La popularidad de la bailarina en Francia y Europa
El París de 1905 fue el entorno perfecto para que Mata Hari destacase por el simbolismo cultural y el estilo de su danza exótica aprendida en las Indias. Se caracterizó por su fuerte personalidad y su confianza en sí misma, y con sus recursos comenzó a anunciarse como artista hindú. Perfiló su indumentaria y su apariencia seductora y acuñó su apodo artístico Mata Hari, que significa «ojo del día» en dialecto indonesio.
Su nombre se extendió rápidamente por todo París y de ahí a otras ciudades, ampliando su popularidad. Un periodista de Viena la describió como «esbelta y alta, con la gracia flexible de un animal salvaje y el pelo negro azulado«. Su rostro, escribió, «deja una extraña impresión extranjera«.
Sin embargo, con el paso del tiempo su fama comenzó a deteriorarse hasta recurrir a vender su cuerpo por dinero. A pesar de la creciente tensión en Europa poco antes de la I Guerra Mundial, Mata Hari tenía amantes en varios de los países que más tarde estarían enfrentados. Cuando estalló la guerra, tuvo cierta libertad como ciudadana de la Holanda neutral y la aprovechó viajando de un país a otro sin ningún problema. No obstante, en poco tiempo atrajó la atención de las inteligencias británica y francesa, que la pusieron bajo vigilancia.
El papel de Mata Hari como espía durante la I Guerra Mundial
Cerca de los 40 años, Mata Hari se enamoró de un joven capitán ruso, Vladimir de Masloff, en 1916. Durante su noviazgo, Masloff fue enviado al frente, donde una lesión lo dejó ciego de un ojo. Decidida a ganar dinero para ayudarlo. Ella aceptó una lucrativa asignación de espionaje para Francia con Georges Ladoux, un capitán del ejército que asumió que sus contactos cortesanos serían útiles para la inteligencia francesa.
Planeaba usar sus conexiones para seducir a algún alemán de alto mando y así obtener secretos que entregar a los franceses, pero nunca llegó tan lejos. Conoció a un general alemán y trató de intercambiar información, con la esperanza de recoger algún dato de interés.
Aunque no se sabe a ciencia cierta, muchos historiadores creen que los alemanes sospechaban de sus intenciones y le tendieron una trampa. Enviaron comunicados a Berlín en los que se referían a ella como espía alemana, algo que se supone no era. Cuando los franceses interceptaron el mensaje, arrestaron a Mata Hari en París por espionaje, el 13 de febrero de 1917. La encerraron en una celda infestada de ratas en la prisión Saint-Lazare, donde solo se le permitía recibir visitas de un abogado, que casualmente también fue su amante.
Durante largos interrogatorios, declaró una confesión explosiva. Al parecer, una diplomática alemana le había pagado una vez 20,000 francos para reunir información de inteligencia sobre sus frecuentes viajes a París. Pero juró a los investigadores que nunca cumplió el trato y siempre se mantuvo fiel a Francia.
El juicio y la muerte de la espía más famosa del mundo
El juicio de Mata Hari se produjo en un momento en que los aliados no lograban hacer retroceder los avances alemanes. Tanto los espías reales como los falsos eran chivos expiatorios convenientes para explicar las pérdidas militares, el arresto de Mata Hari fue uno de muchos. La evidencia en su contra se construyó para parecer mucho más implicatoria. El tribunal militar deliberó durante menos de 45 minutos antes de emitir su veredicto de culpabilidad.
Mata Hari fue ejecutada por un pelotón de fusilamiento el 15 de octubre de 1917. Vestida con un abrigo azul, llegó al lugar de ejecución en París con un ministro y dos monjas. Tras despedirse de ellos, se colocó en la posición correspondiente, se volvió hacia el pelotón, se quitó la venda de los ojos y les lanzó, sonriendo, un beso a los soldados. Tras el disparo unísono de los fusiles, murió en el acto.
El trágico final de la bailarina exótica inspiró todo tipo de biografías, adaptaciones cinematográficas y otras obras. Una de las más populares fue la película Mata Hari, de 1931, protagonizada por Greta Garbo. El misterio sobre su faceta como espía y su supuesta doble bandera, continúa tan vivo como su memoria.
25 septiembre, 2024 a las 14:05
Thanks for sharing excellent informations. Your site is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this website. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for extra articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found just the info I already searched all over the place and simply couldn’t come across. What an ideal web-site.
12 septiembre, 2024 a las 01:41
Real nice design and style and wonderful articles, practically nothing else we require : D.
11 septiembre, 2024 a las 18:09
Very wonderful information can be found on weblog. «Never violate the sacredness of your individual self-respect.» by Theodore Parker.
5 septiembre, 2024 a las 12:59
Some really nice stuff on this internet site, I like it.
3 septiembre, 2024 a las 14:50
You have brought up a very fantastic points, regards for the post.
21 agosto, 2024 a las 00:07
We’re a bunch of volunteers and starting a new scheme in our community. Your web site provided us with helpful information to paintings on. You have done a formidable job and our entire community might be grateful to you.
6 agosto, 2024 a las 01:10
Awesome blog! Do you have any hints for aspiring writers? I’m planning to start my own blog soon but I’m a little lost on everything. Would you recommend starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a paid option? There are so many choices out there that I’m totally overwhelmed .. Any recommendations? Kudos!
2 agosto, 2024 a las 23:32
With the whole thing that seems to be developing inside this specific subject matter, a significant percentage of perspectives are relatively radical. On the other hand, I appologize, because I do not subscribe to your entire theory, all be it exciting none the less. It would seem to everyone that your opinions are not entirely rationalized and in actuality you are generally your self not entirely certain of the argument. In any event I did take pleasure in examining it.
28 julio, 2024 a las 07:35
Excellent post. I was checking constantly this blog and I’m impressed! Extremely helpful information specially the last part 🙂 I care for such info a lot. I was looking for this particular information for a very long time. Thank you and good luck.
23 julio, 2024 a las 20:54
Thanks for sharing superb informations. Your web site is so cool. I’m impressed by the details that you have on this blog. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for more articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found just the info I already searched all over the place and simply couldn’t come across. What a great web site.
23 julio, 2024 a las 17:46
Awsome site! I am loving it!! Will be back later to read some more. I am bookmarking your feeds also.
21 julio, 2024 a las 13:23
I like this website its a master peace ! Glad I noticed this on google .
17 julio, 2024 a las 19:30
I am curious to find out what blog platform you are utilizing? I’m having some small security issues with my latest site and I’d like to find something more safe. Do you have any solutions?
9 julio, 2024 a las 10:12
I like the valuable information you provide in your articles. I’ll bookmark your blog and check again here regularly. I’m quite sure I’ll learn many new stuff right here! Best of luck for the next!
7 julio, 2024 a las 03:06
I absolutely love your blog and find the majority of your post’s to be what precisely I’m looking for. Do you offer guest writers to write content for you personally? I wouldn’t mind producing a post or elaborating on a number of the subjects you write in relation to here. Again, awesome site!
4 julio, 2024 a las 22:09
What¦s Happening i’m new to this, I stumbled upon this I have found It positively useful and it has aided me out loads. I am hoping to contribute & help different customers like its aided me. Good job.
4 julio, 2024 a las 07:43
Hello! I just would like to give a huge thumbs up for the great info you have here on this post. I will be coming back to your blog for more soon.
3 julio, 2024 a las 20:05
Thanx for the effort, keep up the good work Great work, I am going to start a small Blog Engine course work using your site I hope you enjoy blogging with the popular BlogEngine.net.Thethoughts you express are really awesome. Hope you will right some more posts.
23 junio, 2024 a las 11:24
I’m really inspired with your writing skills as smartly as with the format in your blog. Is this a paid theme or did you customize it your self? Either way stay up the nice high quality writing, it is uncommon to look a great blog like this one these days..
22 junio, 2024 a las 08:21
I do like the way you have framed this challenge plus it does provide me personally some fodder for consideration. On the other hand, because of what I have experienced, I simply trust when the comments stack on that men and women keep on issue and not get started upon a tirade of the news of the day. All the same, thank you for this outstanding point and whilst I can not really concur with this in totality, I respect your viewpoint.
22 junio, 2024 a las 08:11
Very interesting information!Perfect just what I was searching for!
18 junio, 2024 a las 08:20
What i don’t understood is in fact how you are not really a lot more smartly-preferred than you might be now. You are very intelligent. You know therefore considerably with regards to this subject, produced me in my view imagine it from so many varied angles. Its like men and women are not involved unless it’s one thing to do with Lady gaga! Your personal stuffs great. All the time maintain it up!
16 junio, 2024 a las 20:55
Thanks for sharing superb informations. Your website is very cool. I am impressed by the details that you’ve on this web site. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for more articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found just the information I already searched all over the place and just could not come across. What a great web-site.
13 junio, 2024 a las 19:25
What Is Puravive? Puravive is an herbal weight loss supplement that supports healthy weight loss in individuals.
11 junio, 2024 a las 17:32
As a Newbie, I am permanently browsing online for articles that can be of assistance to me. Thank you
8 junio, 2024 a las 18:37
Hello.This article was extremely remarkable, particularly because I was investigating for thoughts on this topic last Friday.
8 junio, 2024 a las 01:30
I’ll immediately grab your rss as I can’t find your e-mail subscription link or newsletter service. Do you have any? Please let me know in order that I could subscribe. Thanks.
4 junio, 2024 a las 20:55
What is Aizen Power? Aizen Power is an all-natural supplement to improve overall male health.
3 junio, 2024 a las 01:50
Some times its a pain in the ass to read what blog owners wrote but this internet site is really user pleasant! .
2 junio, 2024 a las 23:23
I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here. The sketch is attractive, your authored subject matter stylish. nonetheless, you command get bought an impatience over that you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come more formerly again as exactly the same nearly very often inside case you shield this increase.
2 junio, 2024 a las 08:12
Everything is very open and very clear explanation of issues. was truly information. Your website is very useful. Thanks for sharing.
28 mayo, 2024 a las 11:01
I am extremely inspired along with your writing abilities as neatly as with the structure in your weblog. Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself? Anyway stay up the excellent high quality writing, it is rare to see a great blog like this one these days..
22 mayo, 2024 a las 18:46
Thanks for sharing superb informations. Your web site is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you¦ve on this website. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for more articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found simply the info I already searched everywhere and simply could not come across. What a great web site.
21 mayo, 2024 a las 19:50
I like the efforts you have put in this, appreciate it for all the great blog posts.
21 mayo, 2024 a las 17:05
Hi my friend! I wish to say that this article is amazing, nice written and include almost all important infos. I’d like to see more posts like this.
18 mayo, 2024 a las 15:30
What is Sugar Defender? Is it safe for blood sugar? The inventor of Sugar Defender, a natural supplement that supports glucose levels, is Tom Green.
15 mayo, 2024 a las 19:56
Way cool, some valid points! I appreciate you making this article available, the rest of the site is also high quality. Have a fun.
6 mayo, 2024 a las 23:47
very nice put up, i actually love this website, keep on it
25 abril, 2024 a las 02:57
Hello there! Would you mind if I share your blog with my zynga group? There’s a lot of folks that I think would really appreciate your content. Please let me know. Many thanks
16 abril, 2024 a las 21:39
This is the right blog for anyone who wants to find out about this topic. You realize so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I actually would want…HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a topic thats been written about for years. Great stuff, just great!
14 abril, 2024 a las 08:02
I have been surfing online more than 3 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for me. Personally, if all website owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the web will be a lot more useful than ever before.
13 abril, 2024 a las 14:40
Thankyou for all your efforts that you have put in this. very interesting info .
2 abril, 2024 a las 06:15
whoah this blog is fantastic i love reading your articles. Keep up the good work! You know, many people are hunting around for this info, you can help them greatly.
21 marzo, 2024 a las 04:15
I am so happy to read this. This is the type of manual that needs to be given and not the random misinformation that’s at the other blogs. Appreciate your sharing this greatest doc.
19 diciembre, 2023 a las 00:12
I?¦m now not sure where you are getting your information, however great topic. I needs to spend some time studying more or working out more. Thank you for fantastic information I used to be in search of this information for my mission.
25 agosto, 2023 a las 12:23
I truly appreciate this post. I have been looking everywhere for this! Thank goodness I found it on Bing. You have made my day! Thx again!
5 junio, 2023 a las 06:38
I like this blog very much, Its a real nice position to read and find info . «There’s nothing I’m afraid of like scared people.» by Robert Frost.
4 junio, 2023 a las 19:58
Your style is so unique compared to many other people. Thank you for publishing when you have the opportunity,Guess I will just make this bookmarked.2
6 mayo, 2023 a las 09:05
I’m not sure exactly why but this website is loading very slow for me. Is anyone else having this problem or is it a problem on my end? I’ll check back later on and see if the problem still exists.
2 mayo, 2023 a las 05:51
There is clearly a lot to realize about this. I consider you made various nice points in features also.
30 abril, 2023 a las 22:28
I like this blog so much, saved to my bookmarks. «Respect for the fragility and importance of an individual life is still the mark of an educated man.» by Norman Cousins.
17 febrero, 2023 a las 12:18
What i do not understood is actually how you’re not really much more well-liked than you may be right now. You’re so intelligent. You realize thus considerably relating to this subject, produced me personally consider it from a lot of varied angles. Its like men and women aren’t fascinated unless it is one thing to do with Lady gaga! Your own stuffs excellent. Always maintain it up!
2 enero, 2023 a las 21:27
I take pleasure in, lead to I found just what I was having a look for. You’ve ended my four day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have a nice day. Bye
31 diciembre, 2022 a las 13:44
With havin so much content and articles do you ever run into any problems of plagorism or copyright infringement? My site has a lot of unique content I’ve either created myself or outsourced but it appears a lot of it is popping it up all over the internet without my permission. Do you know any solutions to help reduce content from being ripped off? I’d truly appreciate it.
30 diciembre, 2022 a las 13:29
Its fantastic as your other blog posts : D, appreciate it for putting up.
29 diciembre, 2022 a las 05:12
Good day! I simply would like to give an enormous thumbs up for the great data you might have right here on this post. I shall be coming back to your blog for extra soon.
28 diciembre, 2022 a las 18:12
Hi there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your post seem to be running off the screen in Chrome. I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something to do with web browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know. The style and design look great though! Hope you get the problem fixed soon. Many thanks
27 diciembre, 2022 a las 07:26
I am curious to find out what blog system you happen to be utilizing? I’m having some minor security problems with my latest site and I would like to find something more secure. Do you have any solutions?
24 diciembre, 2022 a las 22:54
I conceive other website owners should take this website as an model, very clean and excellent user pleasant pattern.
24 diciembre, 2022 a las 13:17
I’m impressed, I have to say. Really hardly ever do I encounter a weblog that’s each educative and entertaining, and let me let you know, you have got hit the nail on the head. Your thought is excellent; the difficulty is something that not enough people are speaking intelligently about. I am very completely happy that I stumbled across this in my search for one thing referring to this.
23 diciembre, 2022 a las 20:53
I got what you mean ,saved to bookmarks, very decent site.
19 diciembre, 2022 a las 07:49
Respect to website author, some superb information .
18 diciembre, 2022 a las 17:12
When I initially commented I clicked the «Notify me when new comments are added» checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get three e-mails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove people from that service? Appreciate it!
2 diciembre, 2022 a las 13:40
Thank you for any other fantastic post. The place else may just anyone get that type of info in such a perfect means of writing? I’ve a presentation subsequent week, and I’m at the search for such info.
23 noviembre, 2022 a las 18:46
Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of this website. It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s very difficult to get that «perfect balance» between superb usability and visual appearance. I must say you have done a very good job with this. In addition, the blog loads extremely quick for me on Safari. Exceptional Blog!
22 noviembre, 2022 a las 23:57
I was curious if you ever considered changing the structure of your blog? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having 1 or 2 pictures. Maybe you could space it out better?
20 noviembre, 2022 a las 04:48
Can I simply say what a aid to seek out someone who really knows what theyre speaking about on the internet. You definitely know tips on how to carry an issue to mild and make it important. Extra people must learn this and understand this facet of the story. I cant believe youre not more fashionable because you positively have the gift.