Los lanzamientos de las bombas nucleares sobre Hiroshima y Nagasaki los días 6 y 9 de agosto de 1945 aceleraron la rendición incondicional de Japón ante los países aliados, marcando el final de la II Guerra Mundial. Este acontecimiento supuso un antes y un después en la historia, siendo la primera y única vez que se emplearon armas nucleares sobre poblaciones civiles en algún conflicto bélico. Pero lo cierto es que Nagasaki no era el objetivo de la segunda bomba en los planes del ejército estadounidense, sino la ciudad de Kokura.
Este giro súbito de los acontecimientos dio lugar a la expresión japonesa «la suerte de Kokura». Una región que se salvó del desastre y pudo prosperar y cooperar en las labores de reconstrucción del país.
Los planes originales de Estados Unidos contra Japón
Como consecuencia de los lanzamientos de Little Boy en Hiroshima y Fat Man en Nagasaki, murieron alrededor de 140,000 y 74,000 personas, respectivamente. Muchos otros miles sufrieron los efectos secundarios de la radiación durante los años posteriores, además de la devastación física y estructural de las áreas perimetrales.
Estados Unidos había seleccionado a mediados de julio del año 45 una lista de ciudades japonesas como blanco potencial al bombardeo atómico. Su selección se basaba principalmente en regiones con presencia de fábricas importantes o bases militares, entre otros factores. Hiroshima lideraba la lista y le seguía Kokura en orden de prioridad, por ser un centro de producción de armas que albergaba uno de los arsenales masivos del ejército japonés.

La ciudad permaneció en espera durante el día 6 de agosto, en caso de que hubiera algún impedimento al lanzamiento sobre Hiroshima. Tres días después, varios aviones B-29 se dirigieron a Kokura en las primeras horas de la mañana, uno de ellos portando a Fat Man, la segunda bomba nuclear.
A diferencia de Little Boy, que había sido fabricada de uranio, Fat Man era de plutonio y tenía el poder de 22,000 toneladas de TNT.
La suerte de Kokura
Cuando los bombarderos sobrevolaron Kokura, un total de tres veces según los documentos militares estadounidenses, percibieron un exceso de nubes y humo sobre la ciudad. Estas condiciones anulaban la visibilidad sobre la zona y perjudicaban la observación del ejército americano de los efectos de la bomba.
Según algunos historiadores, las fábricas de Kokura habían quemado carbón a propósito con el fin de aumentar la densidad del humo. Durante el conflicto con Japón, eran muy frecuentes los ataques aéreos y este tipo de estrategias eran bastante plausibles. De hecho, bombardeos anteriores en ciudades colindantes como Yawata habrían causado el mismo efecto.

Cuando las defensas terrestres divisaron a los aviones estadounidenses, abrieron fuego casi de inmediato, lo que llevó a los pilotos a dirigirse hacia Nagasaki.
Al ser un objetivo nuclear, tampoco otros ataques aéreos afectaron a Kokura, por lo que la ciudad permaneció prácticamente intacta.
La ciudad de Kokura en la actualidad
La ciudad de Kokura dejó de existir por su nombre cuando se fusionó en 1963 con otros municipios para formar Kitakyushu, con actualmente cerca de un millón de habitantes.
Tras el final de la II Guerra Mundial construyó un memorial en honor a Nagasaki y desde entonces se estrecharon fuertes lazos de hermanamiento entre ambas ciudades. Actualmente, Kitakyushu es una de las ciudades más verdes de Asia, enfocando su desarrollo al ecologismo y la tecnología medioambiental.
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