Desde pegar un imán a la puerta de un refrigerador hasta lanzar una pelota a través de un aro de baloncesto, las fuerzas de la física funcionan en todo momento a nuestro alrededor. Todas las que experimentamos a diario pueden reducirse a cuatro fuerzas fundamentales: la gravedad, el electromagnetismo, la fuerza nuclear fuerte y la fuerza nuclear débil. Sin embargo, los físicos claman haber encontrado posibles indicios de una quinta, los muones. Este es un término recientemente acuñado y relacionado a unas partículas subatómicas inestables, similares a los electrones pero 207 veces más pesadas, que han desconcertado y tomado por sopresa a toda la comunidad científica.
El experimento Muon g-2
Hay partículas elementales en nuestro mundo que son incluso más pequeñas que el átomo. Algunas de estas partículas subatómicas están formadas por componentes aún más pequeños, mientras que otras no se pueden descomponer, las partículas fundamentales.
El muón es una de ellas, similar al electrón, pero 207 veces más pesado. El experimento Muon g-2 envía estas partículas alrededor de un anillo de 14 metros y aplica un campo magnético para observar su reacción. De acuerdo con las 4 leyes actuales de la física, establecidas por el Modelo Estándar, esto debería hacer que los muones orbitasen con una determinada frecuencia alrededor del aro.
En cambio, los científicos descubrieron que los muones se balanceaban y lo que es áun más extraño es que lo hacían más rápido de lo esperado. Esto físicamente no es posible y contradice al 100% lo que se comprende actualmente con las leyes físicas. Es una probabilidad de error de 1 entre 3 millones y el experimento se realizó con el mismo resultado en múltiples ocasiones. La única explicación valida es la existencia de una quinta fuerza de la naturaleza, completamente nueva para la ciencia.
Fuente de la imagen: Pixabay
Tratando de explicar a los muones
Nadie sabe todavía qué hace esta nueva fuerza potencial, excepto influir en las partículas de muones. Los físicos teóricos creen que puede estar asociado con otra partícula subatómica aún no descubierta que afecta directamente en ellos. Hay más de una hipótesis sobre lo que podría estar pasando.
Una quinta fuerza fundamental puede ayudar a explicar y desvelar algunos de los grandes misterios del universo que hasta el día de hoy siguen en incógnitas. Por ejemplo, la observación de la aceleración de la expansión del universo se atribuyó a un fenómeno misterioso conocido como energía oscura. Pero algunos investigadores ya han sugerido que esto podría ser evidencia de la existencia de la quinta fuerza. Este descubrimiento puede transformar absolutamente todo lo que comprendemos de la física moderna. Y aunque todavía queden muchos misterios por resolver, la comprensión de este supuesto podría darnos la última pieza para armar el rompecabezas teórico. Así completar por fin un modelo que explique al 100% el funcionamiento del universo.
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