En algunas partes del mundo con actividad sísmica recurrente se han registrado diversos fenómenos visuales en la atmósfera durante el movimiento telúrico. Una serie de luces de diferentes colores, más comúnmente el azul, que iluminan el cielo con destellos intermitentes mientras tiene lugar el terremoto. Aunque una parte de la comunidad científica no apoya esta explicación, la triboluminiscencia es la interpretación más aceptada a este suceso. Un efecto natural inofensivo, observable especialmente en la oscuridad.
Qué causa la triboluminiscencia
Por definición, la triboluminiscencia es un fenómeno óptico derivado de la emisión de energía en forma de luz tras la agitación o fricción de determinados materiales.
La corteza terrestre está configurada por rocas de diferente naturaleza y con ciertas imperfecciones físicas. Cuando se someten a la fricción y al estrés térmico generados por la actividad sísmica, desencadenan la ruptura de enlaces químicos que liberan una serie de cargas eléctricas hacia la atmósfera. En el momento en que impactan con ésta se transforman en energía lumínica. El color, la duración y la intensidad de los destellos triboluminiscentes dependen directamente de la naturaleza y composición de los materiales expuestos a dicha tensión. Por lo que pueden observarse diferentes según la conformación geográfica de cada zona.
El impacto del fenómeno durante un seísmo
Pese a la belleza que caracteriza a la triboluminiscencia, no deja de ser un fenómeno que sucede durante los movimientos telúricos. En los momentos en que tiene lugar, de evidente inquietud y desasosiego para la población de la zona afectada, las luces de terremoto no hacen más que agravar la preocupación y el nerviosismo. Especialmente cuando se desconoce la razón científica que le da explicación.
Sin embargo, no supone ningún riesgo para las personas o la infraestructura urbana. A no ser que implique el deterioro de la instalación del servicio eléctrico, que en ciertas ocasiones puede acelerar el proceso químico que desencadena el fenómeno.
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