El 6 de agosto de 1965, The Beatles sacó a la luz Help!, su quinto álbum de estudio, banda sonora original de la película homónima y uno de los discos más importantes de su carrera musical. El grupo se convirtió rápidamente en un icono internacional en su década y su trayectoria todavía se considera hoy como una de las más exitosas y alabadas comercialmente. Los de Liverpool batieron todos los récords de su tiempo y tuvieron la gran ventaja de recibir la influencia del rock más puro de la época, viviendo la transición de las figuras más importantes del género entre América y Europa como un gran boom en la industria. La lista de canciones de este disco contiene una de las baladas melancólicas más escuchadas, Yesterday, en el número 6 de la Cara 2. La que terminaría siendo un himno internacional y la canción más versionada de todos los tiempos.
Las conquistas de ‘Yesterday’
Los dos minutos y tres segundos de Yesterday supusieron un antes y un después para The Beatles en varios sentidos. En primer lugar, fue la primera composición oficial del grupo grabada solo por uno de los integrantes, Paul McCartney, acompañado de un cuarteto de cuerdas. La canción se grabó el 14 de junio en 1965 en Londres con EMI Studios. Sin embargo, el resto de los miembros no admitieron que se grabase como sencillo, por lo que se decidió incorporar al álbum Help!.
Según el Libro Guinness de los récords, Yesterday ostenta el título de canción más versionada en la historia de la música hasta 2017. Los datos de la Broadcast Music, Inc. cuentan que fue interpretada alrededor de siete millones de veces. Entre otros artistas, por Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, Guns N’ Roses o Billie Eilish. De acuerdo al registro de varias discográficas, la sola canción retribuyó a McCartney, el autor, más de 490 millones de euros. Según Forbes, es la composición musical que más dinero cosechó por derechos y por ventas, siendo el single más reproducido en la radio estadounidense durante ocho años consecutivos.
Ostenta el número 13 de las 500 mejores canciones de todos los tiempos según la revista Rolling Stone. Y en 1999, una encuesta de la BBC Radio la eligió como la mejor canción del siglo XX.
Fuente del vídeo: YouTube The Beatles
La composición de la balada
Aunque erróneamente se atribuye la composición a John Lennon, el autor principal de la obra es McCartney. De acuerdo a los biógrafos del músico y del grupo, Paul creó la melodía completa después de haber soñado con ella, registrándola al despertar con una grabadora de cintas y un piano para no olvidarla.
Durante el primer mes trabajando en la música, el autor temió haberla plagiado de alguna canción existente que simplemente lo inspiró al haber soñado con ella. Pero cuando comprobó que se trataba de una melodía original, empezó a trabajar en la letra.
El primer título que le dio fue Scrambled Eggs, que se traduce como Huevos revueltos. Corría el año 1964 y The Beatles estaba haciendo su gira por Francia, tiempo en el que se publicaron los discos A Hard Day’s Night y Beatles for Sale. McCartney terminó la canción finalmente en mayo de 1965 en el Algarve, Portugal, durante unas vacaciones. Yesterday pudo haberse incluido fácilmente en cualquiera de estos dos álbumes. Sin embargo, se cree que por retrasos y desacuerdos en los arreglos con George Martin, no salió hasta 1965 con Help!.
La primera vez que el grupo la tocó en directo fue el 1 de agosto de 1965 en el ABC Theatre de Blackpool, en Inglaterra. Quedándose en el repertorio hasta el último concierto de The Beatles, el 29 de agosto de 1966, cuando dejaron de hacer giras musicales. Desde entonces, solo fue interpretada por McCartney en solitario y con su siguiente agrupación Wings, formada un año después de la separación de los de Liverpool. Además, evidentemente, de otros artistas con sus múltiples versiones.
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