Trasmoz es un municipio de la provincia de Zaragoza, en Aragón, España, con apenas 96 habitantes empadronados según el registro de 2016. Es un lugar conocido por sus leyendas e historias de brujas, llevadas a la literatura por el mismísimo Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer en su tiempo. Pero lo más llamativo del lugar es que se trata de un pueblo maldito (literalmente) y excomulgado por la Iglesia, todavía a día de hoy. Una situación decretada en la Edad Media que aún no se ha revocado a pesar de los siglos.
Para los amantes del misterio y el ocultismo es un destino mágico para el turismo. Se dice que fue escenario de aquelarres y conjuros de brujas, testigo de pócimas y encantamientos. Un enclave hechizado hasta tal punto que vive bajo el castigo del catolicismo.
La excomunión de Trasmoz por conflictos madereros
Teniendo en cuenta estos hechos, cualquiera pudiera pensar que lo que sucedió entonces fue un acontecimiento catastrófico, un suceso desproporcionado que llevó a tales consecuencias. Pero nada más lejos de la realidad.
Trasmoz es el único pueblo excomulgado de toda España por causas realmente triviales, que no dejan más que espacio al humor.
En el siglo XIII, el Señorío de Trasmoz era un feudo bastante poderoso en el entonces Reino de Aragón. Su territorio contaba con minas de hierro y plata e importantes reservas de agua y madera. Sus conflictos con la Iglesia eran constantes ya que se trataba de un pueblo laico, por lo que por real decreto no debía pagar el diezmo, los impuestos a la institución, que allí cobraba el cercano Monasterio de Veruela.
En 1255, las tensiones entre la gente y el abad del monasterio se intensificaron debido a la provisión de leña. La importancia de la madera como material esencial en la vida cotidiana llevó a trifulcas prácticamente inevitables.
Esta circunstancia, sumada a los crecientes rumores de que el pueblo era refugio de las brujas, que se reunían clandestinamente para sus labores paganas, motivaron al abad a tomar una decisión tajante. Solicitar al arzobispo de Tarazona la excomunión del pueblo de Trasmoz.
Qué es exactamente la excomunión
Para quien no lo sepa, la excomunión es la exclusión de una o varias personas de su comunidad religiosa dictada por la autoridad eclesiástica pertinente. Lo que significa que se le niega la posibilidad de recibir los sacramentos y se le considera ajeno a toda actividad o trato de la Iglesia.
En el caso de Trasmoz, un pueblo oficialmente laico, habitado entonces por judíos, cristianos y árabes, la excomunión no significó nada para su gente. De hecho, no se arrepintieron de sus actos, hecho que en caso de suceder hubiera derogado la condena.
La maldición de Trasmoz, esta vez por el agua
Mucho tiempo después, en el siglo XVI, el señor de Trasmoz Pedro Manuel Ximénez de Urrea volvió a entrar en conflicto con el clero.
Según esta historia, el monasterio comenzó a desviar agua del pueblo en lugar de pagarla, para impedir que llegase a las casas de la aldea. Hecho tras el cual el señor se levantó en armas contra el monasterio en una guerra abierta en la que tuvieron que intervenir Las Cortes de Aragón, que finalmente fallaron a favor del pueblo.
Pero tomándose la justicia por su mano en 1511, el abad del monasterio cubrió con un velo negro la cruz del altar de su iglesia y recitó un salmo de la Biblia donde Dios maldice a sus enemigos.
Así, tanto el señor de Trasmoz como sus descendientes y todo el pueblo quedaron malditos y excomulgados, aún hasta estos días. Sin que ninguna autoridad eclesiástica, ni el Papa ni ningún obispo hubiera revocado todavía tal condena.
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