Belerofonte es un héroe de la mitología griega, descrito en La Ilíada de Homero como hijo de Glauco y Eurímedes de Corinto. Aunque de acuerdo a los catálogos del escritor Apolodoro, que son los más aceptados, era fruto de un amorío fugaz entre el dios Poseidón y Eurímedes, del que Glauco jamás se enteró. Esto convierte al paladín en semidiós, pero sin ningún tipo de poder sobrehumano.
En el mito griego, se conoce a Belerofonte por domar a Pegaso y derrotar a la Quimera. Su ambición por vivir en el Monte Olimpo y presidir junto con los dioses lo llevó a ser castigado por Zeus, quien lo envió a la soledad y la pobreza por el resto de su vida.
El inicio turbulento del mito de Belerofonte
Sus aventuras comenzaron con el exilio de su ciudad natal, después de una discusión acalorada con su hermano en la que terminó matándolo accidentalmente. Desterrado y sin lugar a donde ir, se dirigió a la ciudad de Tirinto, gobernada por el rey Proteus, quien lo acepto y perdonó por sus crímenes.
Durante algunas semanas, ambos entablaron una gran amistad hasta que la esposa del rey, Stheneboea, se enamoró del joven héroe y quiso tener un romance con él. Al rechazarla, lo acusó falsamente de querer aprovecharse de ella. El rey respondió con locura, tratando de asesinarlo con sus propias manos, pero eso iría en contra de las leyes de los dioses. Ante tal ira, envió a Belerofonte a la provincia de Licia a entrevistarse con el rey Lobates, su suegro, junto con una tableta sellada que contenía un mensaje.
La tabla refería al falso abuso e instaba al rey a castigar al héroe. Tras leer el mensaje, después de días de celebración y recibimiento, Lobates lo envió a una misión suicida de la que no era posible sobrevivir.
La búsqueda de la Quimera
La misión era matar a la Quimera, una monstruosa criatura con cuerpo y cabeza de león, una cara de cabra en la espalda y una cola de serpiente, que escupía fuego.
La bestia se encontraba en una región rural de Licia y había matado habitantes y ganado por doquier. Un vidente local aconsejó a Belerofonte que para vencerla en batalla, debía encontrar y domesticar al legendario caballo alado, Pegaso. Ante tal gesta, el héroe fue a pedir ayuda a la diosa Atenea, en su templo. Tras días y noches de rezos, la diosa le ofreció una silla de montar de oro para dominar a Pegaso. Lo dirigió al pozo de Peirene, en la Acrópolis de Corinto, donde el corcel se encontraba pastando. Tras presentarse ante el caballo y colocarle la silla, ambos volaron de regreso a Licia para enfrentarse a la Quimera.
El fuego abrasador que expulsaba la Quimera derretía todo a su paso. Belerofonte no podía luchar con ella con sus armas desde tierra. Tras varios intentos, clavó un bloque de plomo en la punta de su espada y voló sobre la cabeza de la bestia. Al momento de exhalar la llamarada, dejó caer el plomo, fundiéndose en su garganta y asfixiando al fin a la Quimera.
La gloria y el fin de Belerofonte
Tras la muerte de la Quimera, Belerofonte ganó reputación entre los dioses y regresó con Lobates, sorprendido por su victoria. Acabar con el monstruo fue la primera de muchas misiones del rey, que intentaba matarlo sin éxito al salir el héroe invicto de todas ellas.
Consciente de sus intenciones, Belerofonte cabalgó hasta el palacio para enfrentar al rey y en el trayecto pidió ayuda a su padre, Poseidón. El dios respondió a su llamada inundando los alededores del reino, incluida la ciudadela.
El pueblo imploró clemencia y Lobates comprendió que Belerofonte no era un hombre común, sino un semidiós. Detuvo la cólera en su contra y firmó la paz ofreciéndole a su hija en matrimonio junto a la mitad de su reino.
El héroe se casó y tuvo tres hijos. Su fama creció rápidamente, también su orgullo y su arrogancia. Y con el paso del tiempo, decidió que sus triunfos eran suficientes para considerarse un dios y ascender al Monte Olimpo. Voló con Pegaso hacia el hogar de los dioses y cuando llegó a las puertas, Zeus juzgó su soberbia e impertinencia arrebatándole a Pegaso.
Belerofonte cayó de vuelta a la tierra, en un arbusto de las llanuras de Aleion, lastimándose todo el cuerpo. Lisiado y ciego, se vio obligado a vivir su vida en la miseria, sufriendo y solo. Dejándose de oír sus hazañas y quedando para siempre en el olvido.
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