Pocas presentaciones hacen falta para hablar Pennywise, el payaso que estremeció a varias generaciones desde que Stephen King publicó la novela It en 1986.
Como uno de los personajes de terror más populares de la literatura y el cine, Pennywise forma parte del imaginario colectivo global como un ser aterrador que juega con los miedos más profundos de sus víctimas. Los acosa psicológicamente hasta poner en duda los límites de la cordura y, finalmente, se los lleva a su escondite entre las cloacas. Los guarda aturdidos en un estado de levitación latente y termina su pavorosa odisea del miedo comiéndoselos, como simples pedazos de carne.
Entre tanto, el payaso muestra sus formas horrendas y monstruosas. Se deforma en multitud de engendros espantosos que perturban a cualquiera, dejando en la memoria imágenes horrorosas, capaces de perseguirnos hasta el sueño.
Este velo de misterio y terror ha logrado fascinar a millones de espectadores y lectores en los últimos años. Tras la publicación del libro, uno de los más exitosos del novelista, It se llevó primero a la pequeña pantalla en 1990 como una miniserie. Casi dos décadas después, en 2017, se estrenó el remake, esta vez sí en cines, seguido de su secuela It: capítulo dos, en 2019.
El refresh de la historia, trayendo de nuevo a Pennywise ante una audiencia inexperta y agregando al estilo todos los nuevos recursos que permite el cine actual, dio como resultado una conmoción general en las butacas, inmersas en el miedo más turbulento. Un éxito en taquilla como pocos en su género.
El caso de John Wayne Gacy, la inspiración de Pennywise
Saliéndonos del sosiego de la ficción, resulta que Pennywise no es un personaje inventado de la nada. Por aquellos años 80 en los que Stephen King redactaba su historia, recibió la inspiración directamente de un caso real. Un payaso asesino que protagonizó portadas en los diarios y que mantuvo a toda una población aterrada durante casi una década.
John Wayne Gacy, conocido en su momento como Pogo el payaso, fue un asesino en serie condenado en Estados Unidos por violar y matar a 33 hombres jóvenes entre 1972 y 1978. Durante esos años, perturbó a todo el país por su historial terrorífico y su modus operandi, digno también de cualquier novela sangrienta.
Sus 33 víctimas eran adolescentes, y Wayne los seleccionaba minuciosamente en las fiestas de cumpleaños a las que asistía como payaso y animador.
Como en muchas otras ocasiones, en este caso la realidad supera a la ficción. El personaje real en que se basa Pennywise albergaba un fondo de maldad inimaginable. Su imagen como payaso es, si cabe, más terrorífica.
Antes de comenzar su trayectoria de asesino, Wayne cometió diversos abusos a menores entre 1967 y 1968 en el estado de Iowa. Delitos por los que apenas pagó pena, permaneciendo solamente 10 días en prisión. En 1972 perpetraría su primer asesinato a un adolescente al que violó y apuñaló entre grandes dosis de violencia.
Su magnicidio duraría hasta el año 78, tiempo en que una de sus víctimas logró escapar con vida. Después de treinta y tres asesinatos, Wayne fue detenido y condenado a pena de muerte, siendo ejecutado en 1994 por inyección letal.
El payaso asesino a la cultura popular
Después de todo y salvando las distancias, Stephen King logró hacer de una historia fatal y calamitosa un libro prodigioso dentro del género de horror. Creó un personaje perturbador que con el pasar del tiempo no hizo más que alargar su sombra sobre la audiencia.
En términos de taquilla, la película de 2017 recaudó 780 millones de dólares. La de 2019, 475 millones. Unos resultados excepcionales que mantuvieron intacta la esencia del libro y que para muchos, es y será la mejor historia de terror jamás contada.
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