En el verano del año de 1947, un campesino norteamericano descubrió escombros no identificables en su pastizal de ovejas a las afueras de Roswell, Nuevo México.
Los comandantes de la base local de la Fuerza Aérea afirmaron que se trataba de un globo meteorológico estrellado. Pero muchas personas creyeron que se trataba de los restos de un platillo volador extraterrestre.
Una serie de «pistas falsas» secretas en Nuevo México durante la década de 1950 aumentaron sus sospechas. Casi 50 años después de la historia, Estados Unidos emitió un informe que relaciona el incidente con un plan de espionaje atómico de alto secreto llamado Proyecto Mogul.
Aún así, muchas personas continúan creyendo la teoría de los OVNIS. Cientos de personas visitan anualmente Roswell y el lugar del accidente en busca de algo fantástico.
El incidente de Roswell
Una mañana a principios de julio del año 1947, a unas 75 millas de la ciudad de Roswell, Nuevo México, un ganadero llamado Mac Brazel encontró algo inusual en su terreno. Un desastre de palos metálicos unidos con cinta adhesiva, trozos de plástico y láminas reflectoras. Había restos de un material pesado, brillante, similar al papel. Incapaz de identificar los objetos extraños, Brazel llamó al sheriff de Roswell. Él, a su vez, llamó a los encargados en la base de la Fuerza Aérea del Ejército de Roswell. Los soldados se desplegaron por el campo de Brazel, recogiendo los escombros y llevándolos misteriosamente en camiones blindados de vuelta a la base.
El 8 de julio, el titular «La fuerza aérea captura un objeto volador en un rancho en la región de Roswell» fue portada en el diario de Roswell. El 9 de julio, un funcionario de la Fuerza Aérea dio una declaración pública, aclarando el informe del periódico. El supuesto «platillo volador», dijo, era solo un globo meteorológico que se había estrellado.
Sin embargo, para cualquiera que haya visto los escombros o las fotografías de los periódicos, estaba claro que fuera lo que fuese, no era un globo meteorológico. Algunas personas creían, y todavía creen, que el vehículo accidentado no había venido de la Tierra. Argumentaron que la naturaleza de los escombros deben haber formado parte de una nave espacial extraterrestre.
Pistas simuladas y OVNIS
Los escépticos se hicieron cada veza más presentes, sobre todo durante la década de 1950 cuando la Fuerza Aérea llevó a cabo una serie de «ejercicios falsos» secretos sobre bases aéreas, campos de prueba y campos desocupados en todo Nuevo México. Estos experimentos estaban destinados a probar las diferentes maneras en que los pilotos podrían sobrevivir a caídas desde grandes alturas. Enviaron muñecos vendados, sin rasgos distintivos, con piel de látex y huesos de aluminio. Se suponía que eran muy parecidos a algún tipo de figuras extraterrestres cayendo al suelo. Posteriormente, los vehículos militares se aproximaban al lugar de aterrizaje para recuperar los cuerpos lo más rápido posible.
Para las personas que creían que el gobierno estaba encubriendo la verdad sobre el aterrizaje de Roswell, estos falsos experimentos parecían igualmente sospechosos. Estaban convencidos que los muñecos eran en realidad criaturas extraterrestres que estaban siendo secuestradas y experimentadas por científicos del gobierno. Algunas otras teorías conspiranoicas comentaban que eran una mera distracción del gobierno para evitar el tema orginal del accidente y ridiculizar a la masa de crédulos.
Roswell y el misterioso proyecto Mogul
Resultó que el Ejército de los Estados Unidos sabía más sobre el «platillo volador» de Brazel de lo que revelaba.
Desde la II Guerra Mundial, un grupo de geofísicos y oceanógrafos de la Universidad de Columbia, la Universidad de Nueva York y la Institución Oceanográfica Woods Hole en Cape Cod habían estado trabajando en un proyecto de espionaje atómico de nivel ultra confidencial en el Campo Aéreo Alamogordo, Nuevo México, al que llamaron Proyecto Mogul.
Este proyecto usaba globos resistentes a gran altitud para transportar sensores de sonido de baja frecuencia sobre la troposfera. Esta es una parte lejana de la atmósfera de la Tierra que actúa como un canal de sonido. En esta parte de la atmósfera, las ondas de sonido pueden viajar miles de kilómetros sin interferencia, como debajo del océano. Los científicos creían que si enviaban micrófonos a este canal de sonido, podrían espiar las pruebas nucleares a una lejanía tal que alcanzarían a la Unión Soviética.
Según el ejército Americano, los escombros en el campo de Brazel a las afueras de Roswell en realidad pertenecían al Proyecto Mogul. Eran los restos de una cadena de globos de neopreno de 700 pies de largo, reflectores de radar y equipo sónico que los científicos habían lanzado desde la base de Alamogordo en junio. Evidentemente, se habían estrellado a principios de julio de 1947.
La distracción OVNI para encubrir el espionaje a la URSS
Dado que el proyecto estaba altamente clasificado, nadie en la base de Roswell sabía que existía y no tenían idea de qué hacer con los objetos que Brazel había encontrado. De hecho, algunos funcionarios en la base estaban preocupados de que los restos hubieran provenido de un avión espía o satélite ruso. Información que obviamente no podían compartir con el público en pleno inicio de la Guerra Fría.
La historia del «globo meteorológico», aunque frágil, era la explicación más simple y plausible que podrían sostener a corto plazo. Mientras tanto, para proteger el proyecto secreto de los científicos, nadie en Alamogordo podría intervenir para aclarar la confusión y la mejor opción era alimentar las teorías OVNI entre la población.
Roswell y los OVNIS hoy
Hoy en día muchas personas continúan creyendo que el gobierno y los militares están encubriendo la verdad sobre los desembarcos alienígenas en Roswell y sus alrededores.
En 1994, el Pentágono desclasificó la mayoría de sus archivos en el Proyecto Mogul. La Oficina Federal de Contabilidad General produjo en 1997 un informe de Investigación de la Fuerza Aérea sobre el Incidente de Roswell, diseñado para desacreditar estos rumores. Sin embargo y pese a que el caso se cerró en 2017, todavía hay personas que se suben a la teoría OVNI. Cientos de miles de curiosos visitan Roswell y el lugar del accidente cada año, con la esperanza de descubrir la verdad de la vida en otros planetas por ellos mismos.
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