La invasión militar del Día D que ayudó a poner fin a la II Guerra Mundial fue una de las campañas militares más ambiciosas y trascendentales de la humanidad. En su estrategia y alcance y sus enormes riesgos para el futuro del mundo libre, los historiadores lo consideran uno de los mayores logros militares de la historia. El Día D, cuyo nombre en código es Operación Overlord, se lanzó el 6 de junio de 1944, después de que el comandante general aliado, Dwight D. Eisenhower, ordenara la mayor fuerza de invasión jamás conocida. Cientos de miles de tropas estadounidenses, británicas, canadienses y de otros países aliados navegaron a través del Canal de la Mancha y desembarcaron en las playas de Normandía, en la costa norte de Francia. Después de casi cinco años de guerra, casi toda Europa Occidental fue ocupada por tropas alemanas o por gobiernos fascistas, como los de España e Italia. El objetivo de los aliados occidentales era acabar con el ejército alemán y, por extensión, derrocar al bárbaro régimen nazi de Adolf Hitler.
Los ejércitos alemanes durante la II Guerra Mundial invadieron la mayor parte de Europa, el norte de África y parte de la Unión Soviética occidental. Establecían estados policiales temporales dondequiera que fuesen. Persiguieron, encarcelaron y asesinaron a millones de personas con el fin de conseguir sus objetivos. Con cámaras de gas y pelotones de fusilamiento mataron a 6 millones de judíos y millones más de polacos, rusos y personas de las minorías oprimidas por el régimen nazi, que buscaba diseñar una raza germánica maestra y perfecta.
La estrategia del día D
Pero la victoria no iba a ser fácil. El primer ministro británico, Winston Churchill, había insistido a Eisenhower y al presidente Franklin Roosevelt durante dos años antes del desembarco, en que evitaran Normandía. Sugirió una estrategia más lenta y menos peligrosa, poniendo más tropas en Italia y el sur de Francia.
Eisenhower creía que era una vergüenza evitar Normandía, ya que los alemanes habían matado a millones de civiles y soldados. Pensó que era el mejor movimiento militar, no solo para ganar, sino para anticipar el fin de la guerra y asestar un golpe a la moral del ejército de Hitler.

Fuente de la imagen: Historia
Los aliados habían planeado durante mucho tiempo la invasión durante una ventana en el ciclo lunar que proporcionase luz nocturna y marea baja al amanecer, para revelar las extensas defensas costeras que tenían los alemanes. El mal tiempo obligó a las tropas aliadas a retrasar la operación un día, cortando esa ventana. Pero en un golpe de suerte, los pronosticadores alemanes predijeron que los vientos huracanados y el mar embravecido disuadirían la invasión por más tiempo, por lo que los nazis reasignaron algunas de sus fuerzas lejos de la costa. El general del ejercito alemán Erwin Rommel viajó incluso a su casa para celebrar el cumpleaños de su esposa.
La noche anterior a la invasión, Eisenhower se escribió a sí mismo una nota en caso de fracaso, que se publicaría si fuese necesario. “Si el intento tiene alguna culpa o falta, es solo mía».
El principio del fin de la II Guerra Mundial
Los barcos aliados llegaron sigilosamente a las costas de Normandía en la fría madrugada del 6 de junio. Sin embargo, las fuerzas alemanas, aunque mermadas por las decisiones de sus superiores, los esperaban en la costa francesa con un comité de bienvenida preparado. Las ametralladoras germánicas derribaron a cientos de soldados aliados antes de que llegaran a desembarcar en las playas. Pero Eisenhower continuó su avance, los abrumó con la llegada de 160,000 soldados de asalto, 12,000 aviones y 200,000 marineros en 7,000 embarcaciones.
Las pérdidas fueron enormes, las divisiones de asalto en tierra habían sufrido 12,000 muertos, heridos y miles más desaparecidos. Tres mil civiles franceses murieron en el inicio de la invasión, en su mayoría por bombas alemanas o disparos de proyectiles. Para entonces, los franceses habían perdido una gran cantidad de territorios, hombres y suministros médicos. Pero cuando los soldados aliados marcharon desde las playas hacia la ciudad, recuperaron cada vez más territorios.
El Día D fue el inicio del fin de la II Guerra Mundial. Uno de los mayores hitos en la historia moderna que cambió drásticamente los acontecimientos durante el siglo XX y al que la la mayoría de naciones libres deben, en parte, la protección de su cultura y su democracia.
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