En Mayak, Rusia, en 1957, sucedió uno de los accidentes más terribles de la historia, el desastre nuclear de Kyshtym. Tres décadas antes de la explosión del reactor de la planta de Chernóbil, los soviéticos ya habían experimentado las nefastas consecuencias de una catástrofe de tales magnitudes. Por supuesto, la mantuvieron en absoluto secreto.
Tras el fin de la II Guerra Mundial, Rusia destinó gran parte de recursos a la construcción de la instalación nuclear de Kyshtym en Mayak. El inicio de su emergente programa nuclear durante la Guerra Fría. Precisamente allí producían todo el plutonio destinado a la fabricación de armamento. Pero, la incursión en esta nueva industria fue bastante descuidada debido a la evidente inexperiencia.
El rudimentario programa nuclear soviético
Desde la perspectiva de los científicos soviéticos, el armamento atómico era inviable porque la investigación nuclear no tenía aplicaciones prácticas. Así, gran parte de los recursos destinados a estos fines terminaron desperdiciados en una investigación que los condujo a un callejón sin salida.
La construcción de la central de Mayak empezó en 1948 a toda marcha. Lavrenti Beria, un arquitecto y político soviético que lideraba el programa nuclear en la época, forzó a casi 50,000 prisioneros de guerra a trabajar en el levantamiento de la planta. Además, decidió que la ciudad de Ozersk, en la periferia, sirviera como vivienda para sus familias.
En aquel lugar se encontraría el reactor nuclear más grande de toda Rusia, con una extensión estimada de 90 km2. Mayak y Ozersk eran proyectos tan secretos que ni siquiera aparecían en los mapas públicos del territorio soviético. De hecho, la existencia y ubicación de estos lugares sólo eran conocidos por los trabajadores, habitantes y altos rangos del gobierno.
Sim embargo, la central nuclear era un lugar tan confidencial como peligroso. No se preocupaban por la eliminación de residuos radiactivos, que comenzaron a almacenarse en el subsuelo, y la seguridad para los obreros era prácticamente nula.
Eventualmente dejó de haber espacio libre y el río Techa comenzó a recibir todo el desperdicio. De cuyo cauce dependían más de 100,000 habitantes. En unos pocos años, todo depósito de agua que circundaba la central de Mayak presentaba una contaminación extrema.

Fuente de la imagen: Live Science
El accidente de Kyshtym
Después de años de absoluto riesgo, el 29 de septiembre de 1957 ocurrió lo inevitable. El sistema de enfriamiento en uno de los contenedores de residuos falló. La situación pasó completamente desapercibida para el personal de la planta hasta que el contenedor explotó. La energía liberada generó una fuerza equivalente a 70 toneladas de TNT. “Supuestamente” la explosión no mató a nadie según los récords oficiales, pero sí generó una nube radiactiva sobre la zona.
Los residentes aledaños observaron una extraña columna de humo en el cielo. Rápidamente, la prensa local empezó a especular sobre la naturaleza del evento. Pero todo se mantuvo en secreto y no se hicieron mayores comentarios por parte del gobierno. En los días posteriores, el viento desplazó la nube radiactiva a cientos de kilómetros desde Mayak. Se estima que el área contaminada era de entre 15,000 y 22,000 km2, poniendo en riesgo la vida de 270,000 habitantes.
La evacuación de Mayak
Casi diez días después de la explosión, el gobierno empezó a evacuar los asentamientos más próximos a la planta. Pero a los pobladores no se les informó del motivo del desplazamiento.
En un período de 2 años, alrededor de 10,000 familias fueron evacuadas de la zona. Y pese a los esfuerzos de la Unión Soviética por mantener todo oculto, cuando suspendió sus pruebas nucleares en marzo de 1958, varios periódicos occidentales especularon sobre el suceso.
Los rumores sobre el accidente de Kyshtym
Finalmente en 1959, un periódico austríaco publicó un informe completo sobre el accidente. Pero los soviéticos negaron sistemáticamente la veracidad de todas las publicaciones. La verdad salió a la luz en 1976, casi 20 años más tarde, gracias a Zhores Medvedev, un biólogo soviético exiliado que se instaló en Inglaterra.
El científico llegó a publicar una serie de artículos sobre el caso de Kyshtym en la revista New Scientist. Sus argumentos fueron respaldados por un dossier de Lev Tumerman, otro científico soviético que viajó al área contaminada en los años 60. Por alguna razón inexplicable, la comunidad científica vio estos documentos como nada más rumores al principio.

Fuente de la imagen: Live Science
La confirmación oficial
Al no haber aportado evidencia concreta, las acusaciones de Medvedev carecían de credibilidad. Aunque científicos de Tennessee confirmaron la existencia de un área enorme contaminada por radiactividad, no encontraron pruebas de que el desastre fuera consecuencia de un accidente en la planta de Mayak.
El caso quedó en la duda e incertidumbre hasta que se desclasificó, finalmente, tras el colapso de la Unión Soviética. Nunca podrá saberse el número total de muertos, pues es una cifra difícil de estimar. Tanto por el secretismo soviético como por la acumulación descontrolada de deshechos radiactivos durante años.
Zhores Medvedev aseguró que el accidente de Kyshtym fue un desastre incluso peor que el de Chernóbil, ya que se liberaron grandes cantidades de la sustancia radiactiva estroncio 90. La única estimación del gobierno soviético, sobradamente irreal, es de 66 muertos, más 22 víctimas fatales a largo plazo.
23 septiembre, 2023 a las 19:19
Spot on with this write-up, I absolutely think this site needs a lot more attention. I’ll probably be back again to read through more, thanks for the info!
21 septiembre, 2023 a las 19:55
Hello! I just would like to give you a huge thumbs up for the great info you have here on this post. I will be coming back to your blog for more soon.
21 septiembre, 2023 a las 01:29
Hello there, I found your website via Google while searching for a related topic, your site came up, it looks great. I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.
20 septiembre, 2023 a las 19:11
I truly love your blog.. Excellent colors & theme. Did you create this site yourself? Please reply back as I’m wanting to create my own website and would like to learn where you got this from or what the theme is called. Many thanks!
19 septiembre, 2023 a las 11:23
There’s noticeably a bundle to know about this. I assume you made certain nice factors in features also.
16 septiembre, 2023 a las 22:50
Wonderful beat ! I wish to apprentice even as you amend your web site, how can i subscribe for a blog site? The account aided me a applicable deal. I were tiny bit familiar of this your broadcast provided shiny transparent concept
16 septiembre, 2023 a las 17:11
I’m blown away by the quality of this content! The author has obviously put a great amount of effort into investigating and arranging the information. It’s exciting to come across an article that not only provides valuable information but also keeps the readers engaged from start to finish. Great job to him for making such a masterpiece!
15 septiembre, 2023 a las 07:42
Awesome things here. I’m very satisfied to see your article. Thank you so much and I’m looking forward to touch you. Will you please drop me a mail?
14 septiembre, 2023 a las 06:02
Great article! This is the type of information that are meant to be shared around the web. Disgrace on the seek engines for not positioning this submit upper! Come on over and discuss with my web site . Thank you =)
13 septiembre, 2023 a las 09:12
I’m not sure why but this website is loading extremely slow for me. Is anyone else having this issue or is it a problem on my end? I’ll check back later and see if the problem still exists.
12 septiembre, 2023 a las 22:22
whoah this blog is wonderful i love reading your posts. Keep up the good work! You know, a lot of people are looking around for this information, you could aid them greatly.
12 septiembre, 2023 a las 11:59
You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this topic to be really something which I think I would never understand. It seems too complicated and very broad for me. I am looking forward for your next post, I will try to get the hang of it!
11 septiembre, 2023 a las 12:14
Keep on working, great job!
10 septiembre, 2023 a las 16:01
This design is incredible! You obviously know how to keep a reader amused. Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Fantastic job. I really loved what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it. Too cool!
9 septiembre, 2023 a las 11:57
I do consider all the concepts you have introduced on your post. They are very convincing and will definitely work. Still, the posts are too brief for beginners. May you please prolong them a bit from next time? Thank you for the post.
7 septiembre, 2023 a las 01:02
Excellent blog here! Also your site loads up fast! What host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my site loaded up as fast as yours lol
6 septiembre, 2023 a las 23:49
Truly no matter if someone doesn’t understand then its up to other viewers that they will help, so here it happens.
6 septiembre, 2023 a las 04:27
Hello, i feel that i noticed you visited my web site thus i came to ?go back the choose?.I’m trying to to find things to improve my site!I guess its adequate to make use of some of your ideas!!
4 septiembre, 2023 a las 16:24
We stumbled over here coming from a different web address and thought I may as well check things out. I like what I see so now i am following you. Look forward to looking at your web page again.
2 septiembre, 2023 a las 12:01
I’m not that much of a internet reader to be honest but your sites really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your website to come back in the future. All the best
1 septiembre, 2023 a las 22:02
Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to far added agreeable from you! By the way, how can we communicate?
1 septiembre, 2023 a las 18:59
Hi it’s me, I am also visiting this site regularly, this website is really pleasant and the viewers are really sharing pleasant thoughts.
1 septiembre, 2023 a las 07:33
Hello there, just became aware of your blog through Google, and found that it is truly informative. I am gonna watch out for brussels. I will appreciate if you continue this in future. Lots of people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!
29 agosto, 2023 a las 19:56
you’re really a good webmaster. The web site loading speed is incredible. It seems that you’re doing any unique trick. Moreover, The contents are masterpiece. you’ve done a great job on this topic!
29 agosto, 2023 a las 05:06
Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to more added agreeable from you! However, how could we communicate?
28 agosto, 2023 a las 23:58
Hi there this is somewhat of off topic but I was wondering if blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with HTML. I’m starting a blog soon but have no coding knowledge so I wanted to get advice from someone with experience. Any help would be greatly appreciated!
26 agosto, 2023 a las 09:49
Hi, Neat post. There’s an issue together with your website in internet explorer, may check this? IE still is the market chief and a good portion of people will pass over your fantastic writing due to this problem.
26 agosto, 2023 a las 01:59
Its like you read my mind! You seem to know so much approximately this, like you wrote the ebook in it or something. I think that you simply could do with some % to pressure the message house a bit, however other than that, this is fantastic blog. An excellent read. I’ll definitely be back.
24 agosto, 2023 a las 16:38
It’s a pity you don’t have a donate button! I’d certainly donate to this excellent blog! I suppose for now i’ll settle for bookmarking and adding your RSS feed to my Google account. I look forward to brand new updates and will share this blog with my Facebook group. Chat soon!
24 agosto, 2023 a las 13:56
Great post. I am dealing with a few of these issues as well..
22 agosto, 2023 a las 15:14
Magnificent beat ! I wish to apprentice while you amend your web site, how can i subscribe for a blog web site? The account aided me a acceptable deal. I had been tiny bit acquainted of this your broadcast provided bright clear concept
22 agosto, 2023 a las 14:00
Howdy! Someone in my Myspace group shared this site with us so I came to give it a look. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Great blog and great design and style.
21 agosto, 2023 a las 20:43
It is perfect time to make a few plans for the longer term and it is time to be happy. I have read this submit and if I may I want to recommend you few fascinating things or suggestions. Perhaps you could write next articles relating to this article. I want to read more things approximately it!
21 agosto, 2023 a las 07:46
My coder is trying to persuade me to move to .net from PHP. I have always disliked the idea because of the expenses. But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using Movable-type on a variety of websites for about a year and am anxious about switching to another platform. I have heard fantastic things about blogengine.net. Is there a way I can transfer all my wordpress content into it? Any kind of help would be really appreciated!
17 agosto, 2023 a las 12:21
I visited several web sites but the audio quality for audio songs current at this site is in fact marvelous.
16 agosto, 2023 a las 19:33
Красивый частный эротический массаж в Москве релакс спа
16 agosto, 2023 a las 07:07
Hi there! This post couldn’t be written any better! Reading this post reminds me of my old room mate! He always kept talking about this. I will forward this article to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read. Thank you for sharing!
11 agosto, 2023 a las 23:26
Howdy would you mind stating which blog platform you’re working with? I’m planning to start my own blog in the near future but I’m having a tough time choosing between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal. The reason I ask is because your design seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something completely unique. P.S Apologies for getting off-topic but I had to ask!
11 agosto, 2023 a las 21:04
Yesterday, while I was at work, my sister stole my iphone and tested to see if it can survive a thirty foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My iPad is now broken and she has 83 views. I know this is completely off topic but I had to share it with someone!
10 agosto, 2023 a las 13:49
Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your web site and in accession capital to assert that I acquire in fact enjoyed account your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your augment and even I achievement you access consistently rapidly.
10 agosto, 2023 a las 03:03
Hi, Neat post. There is a problem with your web site in internet explorer, could check this? IE still is the marketplace leader and a big part of other people will omit your fantastic writing due to this problem.
7 agosto, 2023 a las 07:12
Hey! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you using for this site? I’m getting fed up of WordPress because I’ve had issues with hackers and I’m looking at options for another platform. I would be great if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.
6 agosto, 2023 a las 21:38
I seriously love your site.. Pleasant colors & theme. Did you make this website yourself? Please reply back as I’m looking to create my very own blog and want to learn where you got this from or what the theme is called. Cheers!
4 agosto, 2023 a las 21:40
Its like you read my mind! You seem to know so much approximately this, like you wrote the guide in it or something. I feel that you could do with some % to force the message house a bit, however other than that, this is great blog. An excellent read. I’ll definitely be back.
4 agosto, 2023 a las 19:38
Great post.
3 agosto, 2023 a las 13:13
Appreciate the recommendation. Will try it out.
2 agosto, 2023 a las 22:47
Hi, I desire to subscribe for this webpage to get most recent updates, thus where can i do it please assist.
1 agosto, 2023 a las 01:29
When someone writes an post he/she keeps the idea of a user in his/her mind that how a user can know it. So that’s why this piece of writing is great. Thanks!
28 julio, 2023 a las 20:12
Excellent blog! Do you have any recommendations for aspiring writers? I’m planning to start my own website soon but I’m a little lost on everything. Would you suggest starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a paid option? There are so many choices out there that I’m totally confused .. Any ideas? Thanks a lot!
27 julio, 2023 a las 15:41
In fact no matter if someone doesn’t understand after that its up to other viewers that they will help, so here it occurs.
25 julio, 2023 a las 20:33
I believe what you postedtypedsaidthink what you postedtypedbelieve what you postedtypedbelieve what you postedwrotesaidWhat you postedtyped was very logicala bunch of sense. But, what about this?think about this, what if you were to write a killer headlinetitle?content?wrote a catchier title? I ain’t saying your content isn’t good.ain’t saying your content isn’t gooddon’t want to tell you how to run your blog, but what if you added a titleheadlinetitle that grabbed people’s attention?maybe get a person’s attention?want more? I mean %BLOG_TITLE% is a little plain. You might look at Yahoo’s home page and see how they createwrite news headlines to get viewers interested. You might add a video or a pic or two to get readers interested about what you’ve written. Just my opinion, it might bring your postsblog a little livelier.
24 julio, 2023 a las 21:04
I think the admin of this website is actually working hard for his website, as here every stuff is quality based data.
20 julio, 2023 a las 23:00
Wonderful site you have here but I was curious about if you knew of any discussion boards that cover the same topics talked about in this article? I’d really love to be a part of online community where I can get opinions from other knowledgeable individuals that share the same interest. If you have any recommendations, please let me know. Thanks a lot!
20 julio, 2023 a las 05:23
Hi to all, the contents present at this web site are truly awesome for people experience, well, keep up the nice work fellows.
17 julio, 2023 a las 17:19
I’m not sure why but this website is loading incredibly slow for me. Is anyone else having this issue or is it a problem on my end? I’ll check back later and see if the problem still exists.
8 julio, 2023 a las 18:06
Hi my family member! I want to say that this article is awesome, great written and come with almost all important infos. I’d like to see more posts like this .
6 julio, 2023 a las 12:44
What i do not realize is if truth be told how you’re not really a lot more smartly-favored than you may be right now. You are so intelligent. You know therefore significantly on the subject of this topic, produced me in my opinion believe it from so many numerous angles. Its like men and women aren’t interested until it’s something to accomplish with Lady gaga! Your own stuffs excellent. Always care for it up!
5 julio, 2023 a las 20:30
Hi there! I know this is kind of off topic but I was wondering if you knew where I could find a captcha plugin for my comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as yours and I’m having trouble finding one? Thanks a lot!
5 julio, 2023 a las 13:22
Nice blog here! Also your site lots up fast! What host are you the use of? Can I am getting your associate link in your host? I desire my site loaded up as fast as yours lol
4 julio, 2023 a las 21:13
As the admin of this website is working, no uncertainty very quickly it will be famous, due to its quality contents.
3 julio, 2023 a las 22:46
Terrific article! This is the type of information that are supposed to be shared around the internet. Disgrace on the seek engines for now not positioning this publish upper! Come on over and seek advice from my site . Thank you =)
2 julio, 2023 a las 03:58
Mani rahnama is a canadian cheater! ShipShop is a marketplace, which is located in Armenia. The purpose of platform is to promote sellers activities and get chance buyers to simplify shopping …
27 junio, 2023 a las 13:45
Hi there! Someone in my Myspace group shared this site with us so I came to give it a look. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Outstanding blog and brilliant style and design.
26 junio, 2023 a las 18:45
нужна медицинская справка
26 junio, 2023 a las 11:58
It’s an remarkable piece of writing in favor of all the internet users; they will get benefit from it I am sure.
22 junio, 2023 a las 08:51
Great post however , I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this topic? I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate a little bit more. Appreciate it!
9 junio, 2023 a las 08:42
It¦s in point of fact a great and helpful piece of info. I am happy that you just shared this useful information with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.
4 mayo, 2023 a las 16:12
I have been browsing online greater than 3 hours nowadays, yet I by no means found any interesting article like yours. It’s beautiful value enough for me. Personally, if all web owners and bloggers made good content as you probably did, the web can be a lot more helpful than ever before.
1 mayo, 2023 a las 05:48
Outstanding post, you have pointed out some wonderful details , I likewise think this s a very wonderful website.
24 abril, 2023 a las 15:04
hi!,I like your writing very much! share we communicate more about your post on AOL? I require a specialist on this area to solve my problem. Maybe that’s you! Looking forward to see you.
22 abril, 2023 a las 04:23
It¦s actually a nice and helpful piece of information. I¦m happy that you shared this useful info with us. Please stay us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.
2 marzo, 2023 a las 06:14
Very interesting topic, regards for posting.
15 febrero, 2023 a las 05:03
I feel that is one of the so much significant information for me. And i am glad reading your article. However want to statement on few general things, The site taste is great, the articles is in reality great : D. Excellent job, cheers
24 enero, 2023 a las 02:52
Hello.This article was really motivating, especially because I was investigating for thoughts on this matter last Monday.
3 enero, 2023 a las 15:50
Very nice style and design and wonderful articles, hardly anything else we need : D.
1 enero, 2023 a las 08:07
I intended to create you the tiny observation to be able to thank you over again for the awesome tips you’ve discussed on this website. It is seriously open-handed of you to provide publicly just what a few individuals could have advertised for an ebook in making some cash for their own end, most importantly now that you could possibly have tried it if you ever desired. These solutions also served to be the good way to understand that other people have the same fervor just as my very own to know more related to this condition. I am sure there are some more fun periods in the future for many who looked at your website.
28 diciembre, 2022 a las 21:46
This is a very good tips especially to those new to blogosphere, brief and accurate information… Thanks for sharing this one. A must read article.
25 diciembre, 2022 a las 07:13
You got a very wonderful website, Sword lily I found it through yahoo.
22 diciembre, 2022 a las 00:46
I really like your writing style, wonderful info, thanks for posting :D. «God save me from my friends. I can protect myself from my enemies.» by Claude Louis Hector de Villars.
20 diciembre, 2022 a las 12:32
You are my inhalation, I have few blogs and rarely run out from to post : (.
17 diciembre, 2022 a las 20:35
Great write-up, I’m regular visitor of one’s website, maintain up the nice operate, and It’s going to be a regular visitor for a long time.
13 diciembre, 2022 a las 17:44
Hi, i believe that i saw you visited my website so i came to “return the prefer”.I am trying to to find issues to improve my site!I guess its good enough to make use of a few of your concepts!!
6 diciembre, 2022 a las 11:29
Good web site! I truly love how it is simple on my eyes and the data are well written. I’m wondering how I could be notified whenever a new post has been made. I’ve subscribed to your RSS which must do the trick! Have a great day!