En 1995 se estrenó Braveheart, película dirigida, producida y protagonizada por Mel Gibson. La historia habla del guerrero William Wallace y su batalla contra Inglaterra en el siglo XIII, en busca de la libertad de Escocia.
La premisa de Braveheart
Aunque Braveheart es una obra de ficción, la premisa tiene sus raíces en la historia. El personaje de William Wallace es real, al igual que las batallas en las que luchó. Aunque por supuesto es muy posible que Mel Gibson hubiera embellecido los hechos y hasta el mismo personaje.
En la película, un joven William presencia cómo el rey de Inglaterra invade Escocia y libra una batalla local en la que mueren su padre y su hermano. La pérdida de su familia le hace crecer con la intención de vengarlos y liberar a Escocia del dominio del rey.
A lo largo de su vida, en la película, se enamora, pelea en batallas, se enamora de nuevo, nuevas batallas y se pinta la cara de azul, terminando capturado y en la horca. Sus últimas palabras antes del juicio final cierran con el grito ¡Libertad!
En la vida real, al margen de Hollywood, no se sabe mucho sobre la verdadera historia. La crónica de William Wallace se relata en un poema épico de finales del siglo XV de un autor escocés, apodado Blind Harry o Harry «el ciego».
La verdadera historia de William Wallace
Se cree que William Wallace nació en algún momento en la década de 1270. Su familia apenas se menciona en el poema, aunque podría pertenecer a un estrato inferior a la clase noble. El poema atribuye su ascendencia a un noble muy reconocido de la época llamado Sir Malcolm de Elderslie. Aunque el propio sello de Wallace sugiere que el nombre de su padre era Alan Wallace. Históricamente, la versión de los hechos presentada por Blind Harry es ampliamente considerada la correcta.
La Primera Guerra de Independencia de Escocia comenzó cuando murió el Rey, Alejandro III, quien había sido considerado un gobernante justo y pacífico. Durante su dominio, el país experimentó un periodo de estabilidad económica y política. Sin embargo, tras su muerte por un accidente de equitación, Escocia entró en una etapa de agitación.
Al encontrarse sin líder, Eduardo I de Inglaterra descendió sobre el país y logró hacerse con el mismo reclamándolo como suyo. Aquellos que creían en la independencia de Escocia se reunieron para planear una revuelta militar.
La aparición de William Wallace
William Wallace fue uno de los que creían que Escocia debería mantenerse fiel a su independencia. Se presume que debió haber tenido algún tipo de entrenamiento militar formal, ya que su campaña en 1297 fue exitosa.
Aunque nunca se especificó realmente, Wallace fue descrito como un gigante, ancho de caderas, fuerte y firme. Blind Harry afirma que medía aproximadamente dos metros.
El primer acto de rebelión de Wallace no fue, como sugiere Braveheart, defender el honor de su esposa, sino asesinar a un Gran Sheriff inglés por una incursión a su ciudad. Después de ese ataque, se unió a otros señores escoceses y llevó a cabo la rebelión de Scone, solo una de las docenas de frentes que tenían lugar en Escocia en aquel momento.
Es en este punto cuando la historia de Braveheart y la historia real se superponen: el momento en que Wallace conduce a sus hombres a la Batalla de Stirling Bridge. Durante la batalla, los escoceses llevaron a los ingleses a través del puente Stirling, un estrecho puente de piedra que servía como único camino para cruzar el río. Los ingleses no estaban familiarizados con la estrechez del sendero, mientras que los escoceses estaban acostumbrados. Incapaces de corregir su ataque, los escoceses tomaron esa ventaja y resultaron victoriosos, destruyendo el ejército anglosajón cuando intentaron atravesar el paso.
Wallace y su compañero líder de batalla, Andrew Moray, recibieron los títulos de Guardianes del Reino de Escocia después de la batalla. Unos meses más tarde, William Wallace fue nombrado caballero.
La segunda invasión a Escocia
Al año siguiente el rey Eduardo I de Inglaterra ordenó una segunda invasión. Esta vez los escoceses no tuvieron tanta suerte ya que estaban dominados y no contaban con sorpresas arquitectónicas bajo la manga. Muchos hombres se perdieron bajo la lluvia de flechas lanzadas por los arqueros ingleses, y aunque Wallace escapó sin un rasguño, su reputación militar resultó dañada.
A diferencia de Braveheart, Wallace no se atrevió a superar un golpe figurativo tan fuerte y se retiró de la batalla para curar sus heridas. Renunció a su título de guardián del reino y, durante los siguientes años, solo se le vio fugazmente en varias escaramuzas, sin encabezar las batallas.
Después de evadir la captura durante casi siete años, William Wallace fue finalmente descubierto y entregado a Eduardo I por un agente doble escocés. Tras ser llevado a Westminster Hall, se inició un juicio contra él por cometer traición y atrocidades contra civiles. Wallace argumentó que no podía ser un traidor ya que no era sujeto de la las leyes inglesas, pero los tribunales ignoraron su defensa.
Fue declarado culpable y llevado a la Torre de Londres, donde fue ahorcado y descuartizado. Su decapitación fue, a diferencia de la versión de Hollywood, silenciosa, después de la cual su cabeza alquitranada fue colocada sobre un pico en el puente de la misma ciudad.
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