Los científicos del Centro Europeo de Investigación Nuclear (CERN) en Ginebra fueron aclamados como estrellas de rock el 4 de julio de 2012 cuando anunciaron formalmente que casi con certeza habían conseguido la captura más grande y elusiva de la física moderna, el bosón de Higgs.
Apodado «la partícula de Dios», el bosón de Higgs es la piedra angular que falta en la física de la naturaleza. Este hito en nuestra comprensión de la existencia confirma esencialmente que el universo se formó de la manera que los cientificos han conceptualizado desde hace 56 años.
En búsqueda de la partícula de Dios
Encontrar un bosón similar al coneptualizado por el cientifico Higgs valida gran parte de cómo los estudiosos creen que se creó el universo. Los medios de comunicación llaman al bosón de Higgs «la partícula de Dios» porque, de acuerdo con la teoría presentada por el físico escocés Peter Higgs y otros en 1964, es la prueba física de un campo invisible en todo el universo que dio masa a toda la materia justo después del Big Bang. Lo que obliga a las partículas a fusionarse en estrellas, planetas y todo lo demás. Si el campo de Higgs y el bosón de Higgs no existieran, el Modelo Básico-Estándar dominante de la física moderna estaría equivocado.
En lugar de afirmar haber encontrado el bosón de Higgs, los científicos solo anunciaron que habían encontrado «un Higgs». La comunidad científica ha estado bastante ocupada con teorías que algún día podrían reemplazar al Modelo Estándar (la teoría del Big Bang), y muchos de ellos predicen la existencia de más de un bosón de Higgs. Cada uno con diferentes masas, niveles de energía y otros atributos. Si este nuevo descubrimiento del 2012 resulta ser un Higgs exótico en un jardín común, será tan popular como trascendental.
A menos que seamos físicos, probablemente todavía no tengamos idea de qué es el bosón de Higgs. Entonces, ¿por qué deberiamos preocuparnos por este descubrimiento?
Es un paso importante hacia una posible comprensión de cómo se formó el universo. Se está empleando para tratar de comprender el mundo y también el cerebro humano. Es un esfuerzo científico masivo que tiene como fin mejorar nuestra vida y completar el puzzle gigantesco que forma nuestra realidad.
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