Entre 1888 y 1912 se hizo famoso un delfín en particular que comenzó a escoltar barcos, al parecer, en las costas de Nueva Zelanda. Durante ese periodo, lograron identificarlo como un calderón gris o delfín gris tras salir al encuentro con varios navíos que cruzaban el peligroso Estrecho de Cook, entre el Cabo Francisco y Punto Collinet. Este extraño hábito del cetáceo lo hizo popular en la ruta y desde entonces se le conoció bajo el nombre Pelorus Jack.
La guía y custodia de Pelorus Jack
Pelorus Jack era un delfín de 4 metros, de color blanco con líneas grises sombreadas, catalogado como un calderón gris. Una especie en realidad poco común en las costas neozelandesas.
Apareció por primera vez en 1888 frente a la goleta Brildle cuando ésta se acercaba al llamado Paso Francés en Nueva Zelanda. Al principio, la tripulación quiso matarlo, pero el capitán, a petición de su esposa, desestimó cualquier reacción violenta. Poco después, se sorprendieron con la conducta del delfín, que comenzó a guiarlos a través del estrecho canal.
Esta misma historia se repitió durante años. Cualquier barco que atravesase ese peligroso tramo, lleno de rocas y corrientes arriesgadas, lo hacía en compañía de Pelorus Jack durante al menos 20 minutos.
Su custodia alcanzó tanta importancia en la zona, que muchos marineros esperaban a que apareciese antes de atravesar el paso. Y lo cierto es que cuando el delfín estuvo presente nunca hubo naufragios.
La última vez que Pelorus Jack se dejó ver fue en abril de 1912. Algunas teorías defienden que pudo haber sido asesinado por cazadores balleneros. Otras, sin embargo, apoyan la idea de que era un animal anciano que murió por causas naturales.
El primer animal marino protegido por la ley
En 1904, cuando Pelorus Jack ya había alcanzado la fama que lo caracterizó en su momento, recibió un disparo de rifle desde el barco SS Penguin. Según cuentan las historias, siguió ayudando a todos los barcos que pasaban por la zona excepto al Penguin, que terminó naufragando en el mismo estrecho en 1909.
Tras este incidente, el delfín pasó a estar protegido por la ley según el acta de Pesca Marítima el 26 de septiembre de 1904. El primer animal marino protegido de esta manera en el mundo.
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