Animaniacs es una serie de televisión musical de comedia animada creada por Tom Ruegger y Steven Spielberg para el bloque Fox Kids. Posteriormente se movería al canal principal de Warner Bros como parte de su programación vespertina.
Es la segunda serie animada producida por Amblin Entertainment de Steven Spielberg en asociación con Warner Bros después de la exitosa serie de Tiny Toon Adventures. Animaniacs es considerada un programa de variedades, con breves sketches y un gran elenco de personajes.
Si bien el programa no tenía un formato establecido, la mayoría de los episodios se componían de tres mini-episodios cortos, cada uno protagonizado por un conjunto diferente de personajes y segmentos puente. Los sellos distintivos de la serie eran la música, comentarios sociales satíricos, referencias a la cultura pop, frases de personajes e insinuaciones dirigidas a una audiencia adulta.
La creación de Animaniacs
La historia de Animaniacs en realidad comienza con los Tiny Toon. Después de que Tiny Toons se convirtiera en un gran éxito, Spielberg pidió al productor Tom Ruegger y su equipo que trabajaran en una caricatura que pudiera dar seguimiento a la audiencia conforme iba creciendo en edad.
Spielberg sugirió convertir al popular personaje de Tiny Toons, el patito Plucky, en la estrella del nuevo programa. Mientras tanto, Ruegger había estado desarrollando otros personajes basados en las personalidades de sus tres hijos pequeños. Estos dos conceptos se combinaron para crear tres patos hermanos. Sin embargo, el equipo pronto se dio cuenta de que, entre el pato Donald de Disney, DuckTales, el pato Darkwing así como propio pato Daffy de Warner, ya había muchas aves acuáticas animadas en el mercado. Spielberg estuvo de acuerdo, pero dijo que necesitaban crear un gran nombre de marquesina para ayudar a vender el espectáculo.
Ruegger se inspiró en el gran logotipo «WB» en la torre de agua del estudio Warner Bros. Propuso un grupo de hermanos dibujados en un estilo de animación que recuerda a los personajes antropomorfizados de la década de 1930, y los llamó los hermanos Warner ó Warner brothers en inglés. Aunque tienen características similares a las de los perros, se desconoce el tipo exacto de animal que los Warner son. Según la biblia del programa, un libro lleno de información de fondo para el equipo creativo, su especie está etiquetada como «personajes caricaturescos».
![Ilustración de los personajes de Animaniacs con Steven Spielberg](https://tintaindomita.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Animaniacs-con-Steven-Spielberg.jpg)
Fuente de la imagen: Warner Bros.
Durante un breve período, hubo cuatro hermanos Warner: Yakky, Smakky, Wakky y la hermana pequeña Dot. A medida que los artistas del estudio perfeccionaban los diseños, Yakky se convirtió en Yakko, Smakky y Wakky se fusionaron en Wakko y Dot se quedó como estaba. Después de obtener la autorización de la propiedad de Warner para usar el apellido, el programa comenzó a producirse.
El desastroso lanzamiento de la serie
Para promocionar Animaniacs antes de su estreno, se colocó un globo gigante de Yakko en la torre de agua del lote de Warner Bros. Pero nadie había informado a Bob Daley, quien en aquel momento estaba a cargo del estudio. Cuando Daley llegó al trabajo aquella mañana, pensó que alguien con malas intenciones había puesto un globo de Mickey Mouse en mal estado sobre la torre y ordenó que lo retiraran de inmediato. El Yakko inflable estuvo en su lugar durante menos de 12 horas y explotó poco después de que se le bajara. El escritor de la serie Paul Rugg alcanzó a tomar una foto para demostrar que el evento había ocurrido.
Después de este incidente, Daley trató de asegurarse de que nadie más confundiera a los hermanos Warner con Mickey. Hizo que Ruegger agregara bigotes laterales a los dibujos, lo que pensó que evitaría la confusión y una posible acción legal. Ruegger y el presidente de Warner Bros. Animation, Jean MacCurdy, tuvieron que regresar rápidamente al estudio con los cambios, porque la caricatura ya se estaba dibujando.
![Fotografía tomada por Paul Rugg del globo de Yakko en la torre de agua de los estudios Warner](https://tintaindomita.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Globo-de-Yakko-en-la-promocion-de-Animaniacs.jpg)
Fuente de la imagen: Cartoonatics
El final de los dibujos animados para adultos en horario infantil
Animaniacs se estrenó en Fox el 13 de septiembre de 1993 y rápidamente se convirtió en uno de los programas infantiles de mayor audiencia en televisión. Parte del atractivo fue que ofrecía un tipo de entretenmiento en dos niveles. A los niños les encantaron las payasadas, mientras que sus padres y un grupo de seguidores muy leales de estudiantes universitarios, apreciaron el juego de palabras y el humor adulto salpicado durante todo el programa. Siempre que surgía uno de estos momentos subidos de tono, Yakko solía decir “¡Buenas noches a todos!”. Casi como si esperara que el programa saliera del aire tan pronto como los ejecutivos de la cadena escucharan el chiste.
Pero un tiempo más tarde, Animaniacs se trasladó al canal de The WB en el bloque infantil, comenzando con el episodio 70. Esta franja horaria estaba dirigida a una audiencia mucho más joven y menos interesada en los dobles sentidos de la serie. Además, muy distinta al público objetivo buscado por los anunciantes, los adultos. Los pedidos de nuevos episodios comenzaron a disminuir. Fue en el episodio 99 cuando las luces se apagaron y se emitió el último episodio el 14 de noviembre de 1998.
Los personajes secundarios de Animaniacs, Pinky y Cerebro
Los populares Pinky y Cerebro eran dos personajes secundarios en Animaniacs que pronto pasaron a tener su propia serie.
Ruegger modeló a Pinky de acuerdo a la personalidad del director de animación y artista de Warner Bros, Eddie Fitzgerald, quien tenía el mismo carácter y expresiones del personaje: ¡Narf! y ¡Dios!. De hecho, ambos se parecían tanto que Fitzgerald hizo una audición para ponerle voz. Aunque al final fue John Astin, voz de Gómez en La familia Adams, quien se quedó el papel dándole a Pinky un ligero acento sureño.
Cerebro se basa en otro artista y escritor de Warner Bros. Animation llamado Tom Minton. Los diseños originales de los dos ratones fueron tomados de caricaturas dibujadas por el productor y diseñador Bruce Timm de Batman: La serie animada. El aspecto de Cerebro, aunque muchos lo especularon por su aspecto, no se inspiró en Orson Welles. Fue una coincidencia que después se haría notar públicamente.
![Pinky y Cerebro](https://tintaindomita.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pinky-y-Cerebro.jpg)
Fuente de la imagen: Warner Bros.
Los personajes tenían tanto éxito dentro de Animaniacs que obtuvieron su propio programa de 65 episodios entre 1995 y 1998 en The WB. Independiente a su éxito fugaz, el programa terminó siendo cancelado casi a la par que la serie original.
Actualmente se está emitiendo un re-lanzamiento de Animaniacs a través de la plataforma Hulu en el que se refrescó la imagen y el contenido. Se espera que se convierta en un fuerte hit del 2020, apelando a la nostalgia de la generación que disfrutó la serie en los 90.
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