Hay personas que, cuando están nerviosas o atraviesan un episodio de estrés o ansiedad, empiezan a experimentar una evidencia física de este estado de ánimo que se refleja en forma de tic o gesto inconsciente. Se trata de tics nerviosos, movimientos y espasmos involuntarios que aparecen esporádicamente de acuerdo a diferentes factores. Todos ellos bastante comunes en la mayoría de los casos. Suelen manifestarse de forma brusca, repentina y repetitiva en forma de contracción muscular, movimiento o sonido, sin poder ser controlados. Pueden clasificarse por su tipo y por su duración, dividiéndose en este último caso en transitorios o crónicos.
Los tics más frecuentes
De acuerdo con varios estudios, los tics más frecuentes son los motores que afectan directamente a los ojos. Por ejemplo el parpadeo, el guiño o la apertura exagerada.
Después de estos casos, siguen los que afectan a la nariz y la cabeza en general. Como arrugar la nariz, morderse la lengua, lamerse los labios, etc.
En cuanto a la duración, los tics más comunes se manifiestan durante un corto periodo de tiempo, desapareciendo tan espontáneamente como aparecieron. Cuando son resultado de algún tipo de trastorno, podría tratarse de un fenómeno crónico (que persisten durante un año o más), o transitorio (entre uno y doce meses).
La causa habitual de este fenómeno
Los tics nerviosos son un fenómeno muy común entre la población general, aunque se da con más frecuencia en niños. Suelen ser resultado de situaciones de tensión extrema, estrés o ansiedad, emociones provocadas habitualmente por el entorno. También pueden desencadenarse por falta de sueño y agotamiento físico.
En casos más extremos, también menos frecuentes, los tics están relacionados con rasgos de trastorno obsesivo compulsivo. Y cuando forma parte de los síntomas del síndrome de Tourette, el fenómeno tiene origen genético, por lo que su naturaleza es más compleja y debe analizarse.
Cuando se trata de un espasmo nervioso, causado únicamente por situaciones de tensión externa, es un fenómeno leve que no afecta a la vida cotidiana del sujeto y no requiere tratamiento. Si se mantiene y aparecen nuevos tics que se van sumando al primero, la condición ha de ser revisada por un psicólogo o un médico neurólogo que analice sus causas y características.
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