A excepción de algunos deportistas de élite, trabajadores de riesgo, soldados del ejército, astronautas y otros estilos de vida, muy poca gente ha puesto realmente a prueba su propio cuerpo. Si no fuera por algunos récords, experimentos científicos y situaciones accidentales que protagonizan titulares en la prensa, no sabríamos hasta dónde podemos resistir. Y en muchos casos, es mejor no saberlo. Pero teniendo estos registros, resulta muy interesante conocer cuáles son los límites del cuerpo humano. El aguante ante condiciones extremas de la naturaleza, de la física y del entorno. Las capacidades de nuestro sistema motor, nuestro organismo y nuestros músculos.
En este artículo veremos cuáles son algunas de las fronteras de nuestra máquina extraordinaria.
El tiempo máximo que el cuerpo humano aguanta sin dormir
El sueño y el descanso son elementos fundamentales para el cuerpo humano, para el crecimiento, el desarrollo y la reparación. Por lo general, después de 36 horas sin dormir es muy difícil mantenerse despierto, a no ser que exista algún tipo de trastorno.
El periodo máximo de privación de sueño registrado y verificado científicamente es de 11 días, que equivalen a un total de 264 horas. Sucedió entre 1963 y 1964 en San Diego, California, por un estudiante de 17 años.
Al margen de estos récords, hay una enfermedad hereditaria, el insomnio familiar, que afecta a una parte del cerebro que controla el ciclo de sueño y vigilia. Esta condición progresiva puede ser fatal en pocos meses.
El tiempo máximo sin comer ni beber agua
Para que el cuerpo humano funcione correctamente, tanto en las actividades conscientes como inconscientes, necesita consumir un gran número de nutrientes para extraer energía. Cuando estos componentes se agotan, el cuerpo colapsa y deja de trabajar. Sin embargo, contamos con un mecanismo de supervivencia para el ayuno prolongado en el que el metabolismo prioriza estos elementos. Primero los hidratos de carbono, luego la glucosa, las grasas y, finalmente, la proteína. Estas últimas como una opción desesperada.
El tiempo máximo sin alimento registrado en la historia sucedió durante una huelga de hambre de 73 días. Un humano normal podría soportar alrededor de un mes, varios meses en caso de personas obesas. Aunque se conocen algunos casos de personas que soportaron más de un año de ayuno, consumiendo solamente agua y vitaminas. Pero, ¿qué ocurre con el agua?
Dado que somos un 70% agua, necesitamos mantener constante esa proporción hidratándonos cada día para compensar el sudor, la orina, la respiración y otras secreciones. A temperatura normal, una persona promedio podría aguantar de 3 a 5 días sin beber agua. Muy poco en relación al alimento. El máximo tiempo estimado sin consumir ni una gota es de 10 días, solo en condiciones especiales de frío y con el mínimo ejercicio físico.
El tiempo máximo sin respirar
Según la ciencia médica, el cerebro humano solo puede soportar hasta 4 minutos sin recibir oxígeno antes de dañarse irreparable e irreversiblemente. No obstante, es posible aumentar el tiempo de apnea con entrenamiento, siempre y cuando los niveles de oxigenación se mantengan estables. Por ejemplo, induciendo hipotermia en el cuerpo, hiperventilando o respirando oxígeno puro antes del ejercicio, disminuyendo al máximo los movimientos, etc.
A partir de estas técnicas, muchos buceadores de élite pueden aguantar incluso hasta 15 minutos. Siendo el récord mundial 11 minutos y 35 segundos en apnea estática bajo el agua.
La máxima fuerza G que soporta el cuerpo humano
La fuerza G se basa en la aceleración que produce la gravedad de la Tierra en cualquier objeto, en la que una fuerza de 1 G equivale a la gravedad estándar del planeta, 9.82 m/s2. En este sentido, los cambios de aceleración más bruscos que se pueden experimentar en la vida cotidiana suceden en las montañas rusas, donde llegan a alcanzarse fuerzas de 5 G.
La tolerancia del cuerpo humano a la fuerza G depende de varios factores, como la duración de la aceleración y deceleración. Soportar una fuerza de 4 o 5 G en vertical durante más de 5 segundos puede producir visión de túnel y pérdida de consciencia.
Personas con alto grado de entrenamiento, como componentes de la NASA o del Ejército del Aire, pueden soportar niveles muy superiores. Los récords están en 31.25 G en vertical, con ayuda de un tanque de agua para presurizar el cuerpo. Y en 46.2 G en horizontal, con trineos impulsados por cohetes.
La resistencia máxima a la radiación
Después de los acontecimientos de la historia que involucran energía nuclear, es sabido que los efectos de la radiación en el cuerpo humano son nefastos. Pero no mucha gente sabe que estamos expuestos inevitablemente a niveles muy bajos pero constantes de radiación en la misma naturaleza. A partir de fuentes naturales como el radón y otros elementos.
La unidad de medida de radiación internacional es el sievert. El umbral de una muerte prematura está en 2 sieverts y la muerte inmediata en 6 sieverts. Dependiendo de las condiciones, el tiempo de exposición y la persona misma, pueden darse casos de resistencia a niveles mayores de radiación. Aunque con muy alta probabilidad de efectos secundarios nocivos para la salud.
Las temperaturas más altas y más bajas soportables
El cuerpo humano se mantiene a una temperatura interna entre 36 y 37º. Ligeras variaciones con un margen de 2º sobre esta constante pueden significar fiebre o hipotermia. Ante condiciones extremas de temperatura, en conjunto con otras variables como la hidratación, la incidencia del luz solar, la ropa de abrigo, la actividad física, etc., podemos sufrir varias etapas de síntomas hasta llegar a la muerte.
En el frío extremo, nuestro cuerpo soportaría pérdida de consciencia y baja del ritmo cardíaco hasta descender a los 24º, momento en el que el corazón se detendría y causaría la muerte.
En el calor extremo, el límite soportable depende en gran medida del nivel de humedad e hidratación. Por lo general, a partir de los 40º corporales, el riesgo comienza a ser muy alto. Desde esos niveles y en aumento, la hipertermia puede causar la muerte incluso en solo unos cuantos minutos.
La altitud máxima tolerable por el cuerpo humano
A medida que nos encontramos a más altitud, el cuerpo humano sufre diversos efectos relacionados con los cambios de presión y oxígeno. Cuanto más alto estemos, más se le dificulta a la hemoglobina de nuestra sangre transportar el oxígeno desde los pulmones a las células. Lo que deriva en un déficit del mismo oxígeno que repercute directamente en el cerebro. Los primeros síntomas de una altitud muy elevada serían el dolor de cabeza y el mareo.
Es a partir de los 5,000 metros cuando las cosas se complican. Se va perdiendo masa muscular y puede llegarse a acumular fluido en los pulmones. A los 7,500 metros, el déficit de oxígeno podría provocar pérdida de consciencia y la muerte. Es por esta razón que muchos alpinistas profesionales y aventureros escalan los llamados «ochomiles», picos que oscilan alrededor de 8,000 metros de altitud, que suponen un gran riesgo para la salud. Algunos estudios, sin embargo, ubican el límite máximo soportable en 9,000 metros.
30 agosto, 2024 a las 17:31
Appreciate it for this post, I am a big fan of this web site would like to continue updated.
25 agosto, 2024 a las 02:57
I adore looking through and I believe this website got some really utilitarian stuff on it! .
8 agosto, 2024 a las 17:05
Usually I don’t read post on blogs, but I would like to say that this write-up very forced me to try and do so! Your writing style has been surprised me. Thanks, very nice article.
7 agosto, 2024 a las 02:43
Thanks for sharing excellent informations. Your web site is so cool. I’m impressed by the details that you have on this website. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this web page, will come back for more articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found just the info I already searched all over the place and just couldn’t come across. What an ideal web site.
6 agosto, 2024 a las 22:56
Hey there, You’ve done an incredible job. I will certainly digg it and personally recommend to my friends. I’m sure they’ll be benefited from this website.
5 agosto, 2024 a las 09:10
wonderful post.Never knew this, thankyou for letting me know.
30 julio, 2024 a las 14:24
I just could not depart your website before suggesting that I really enjoyed the standard info a person provide for your visitors? Is going to be back often to check up on new posts
27 julio, 2024 a las 16:03
Thanks for one’s marvelous posting! I genuinely enjoyed reading it, you’re a great author.I will make certain to bookmark your blog and will eventually come back very soon. I want to encourage yourself to continue your great work, have a nice evening!
24 julio, 2024 a las 05:32
Deference to author, some excellent selective information.
23 julio, 2024 a las 13:32
Do you mind if I quote a few of your posts as long as I provide credit and sources back to your weblog? My blog is in the very same niche as yours and my users would really benefit from some of the information you provide here. Please let me know if this alright with you. Thank you!
17 julio, 2024 a las 16:16
What’s Happening i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I’ve found It absolutely helpful and it has helped me out loads. I hope to contribute & help other users like its helped me. Good job.
16 julio, 2024 a las 19:14
I’ve been browsing on-line more than 3 hours today, but I by no means found any interesting article like yours. It¦s pretty value sufficient for me. In my view, if all website owners and bloggers made excellent content material as you probably did, the web shall be much more useful than ever before.
16 julio, 2024 a las 00:34
It?¦s in reality a nice and useful piece of info. I am happy that you just shared this useful information with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.
15 julio, 2024 a las 01:13
I’ve been absent for a while, but now I remember why I used to love this website. Thank you, I¦ll try and check back more frequently. How frequently you update your web site?
14 julio, 2024 a las 14:21
so much great information on here, : D.
13 julio, 2024 a las 14:28
Everyone loves what you guys are usually up too. This kind of clever work and coverage! Keep up the good works guys I’ve included you guys to my blogroll.
6 julio, 2024 a las 02:38
I like this web blog so much, bookmarked. «Nostalgia isn’t what it used to be.» by Peter De Vries.
4 julio, 2024 a las 06:08
Woah! I’m really enjoying the template/theme of this blog. It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s difficult to get that «perfect balance» between superb usability and visual appearance. I must say you’ve done a fantastic job with this. In addition, the blog loads super fast for me on Safari. Exceptional Blog!
30 junio, 2024 a las 22:03
Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive learn something like this before. So good to find somebody with some unique thoughts on this subject. realy thank you for starting this up. this website is one thing that is wanted on the web, somebody with a little bit originality. helpful job for bringing one thing new to the internet!
30 junio, 2024 a las 19:16
What is Tea Burn? Tea Burn is a new market-leading fat-burning supplement with a natural patent formula that can increase both speed and efficiency of metabolism. Combining it with Tea, water, or coffee can help burn calories quickly.
30 junio, 2024 a las 03:15
What Is ZenCortex? ZenCortex is a natural supplement that promotes healthy hearing and mental tranquility. It’s crafted from premium-quality natural ingredients, each selected for its ability to combat oxidative stress and enhance the function of your auditory system and overall well-being.
24 junio, 2024 a las 03:05
Good website! I really love how it is simple on my eyes and the data are well written. I’m wondering how I could be notified when a new post has been made. I have subscribed to your RSS feed which must do the trick! Have a nice day!
22 junio, 2024 a las 20:54
I like what you guys are up also. Such clever work and reporting! Carry on the excellent works guys I have incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my site 🙂
22 junio, 2024 a las 19:53
Hi, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar one and i was just curious if you get a lot of spam feedback? If so how do you reduce it, any plugin or anything you can advise? I get so much lately it’s driving me crazy so any help is very much appreciated.
15 junio, 2024 a las 01:35
I got what you mean , regards for posting.Woh I am lucky to find this website through google.
14 junio, 2024 a las 22:45
I like this web site very much so much fantastic info .
11 junio, 2024 a las 03:54
What Is FitSpresso? FitSpresso is a dietary supplement that is made to support healthy fat-burning in the body
10 junio, 2024 a las 18:29
Wohh exactly what I was searching for, thanks for putting up.
10 junio, 2024 a las 15:06
This is the right weblog for anyone who needs to find out about this topic. You understand a lot its nearly exhausting to argue with you (not that I truly would need…HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a subject thats been written about for years. Nice stuff, simply nice!
9 junio, 2024 a las 04:43
Some really interesting details you have written.Aided me a lot, just what I was looking for : D.
8 junio, 2024 a las 06:43
Keep up the superb work, I read few posts on this internet site and I conceive that your blog is real interesting and contains sets of good info .
3 junio, 2024 a las 22:12
There is noticeably a bundle to know about this. I assume you made certain nice points in features also.
3 junio, 2024 a las 04:26
I really like your writing style, excellent information, regards for posting :D. «In every affair consider what precedes and what follows, and then undertake it.» by Epictetus.
2 junio, 2024 a las 14:11
Well I sincerely enjoyed studying it. This article procured by you is very helpful for accurate planning.
1 junio, 2024 a las 00:31
Great wordpress blog here.. It’s hard to find quality writing like yours these days. I really appreciate people like you! take care
31 mayo, 2024 a las 23:26
Do you have a spam issue on this blog; I also am a blogger, and I was wondering your situation; we have developed some nice methods and we are looking to exchange methods with others, why not shoot me an email if interested.
29 mayo, 2024 a las 23:07
Thanks a lot for sharing this with all folks you really know what you are speaking about! Bookmarked. Kindly also talk over with my web site =). We will have a link change arrangement among us!
29 mayo, 2024 a las 21:04
Hey There. I found your blog using msn. This is an extremely neatly written article. I’ll make sure to bookmark it and come back to learn more of your useful info. Thanks for the post. I will certainly comeback.
28 mayo, 2024 a las 03:56
What is Gluco6 Supplement? Gluco6 is a blend of doctor-formulated ingredients promising to help users develop healthy blood sugar ranges.
23 mayo, 2024 a las 05:07
Attractive section of content. I just stumbled upon your weblog and in accession capital to assert that I acquire in fact enjoyed account your blog posts. Anyway I’ll be subscribing to your augment and even I achievement you access consistently fast.
23 mayo, 2024 a las 02:31
You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I in finding this matter to be really one thing that I feel I would by no means understand. It kind of feels too complex and very wide for me. I am looking ahead to your next post, I will attempt to get the cling of it!
22 mayo, 2024 a las 14:00
I happen to be writing to make you know what a terrific experience my daughter obtained checking your web site. She came to find several issues, not to mention what it is like to possess a very effective coaching nature to have a number of people without difficulty grasp selected very confusing subject matter. You actually did more than readers’ desires. Thank you for showing those useful, trusted, revealing not to mention easy guidance on this topic to Emily.
18 mayo, 2024 a las 05:51
Java Burn is the world’s first and only 100 safe and proprietary formula designed to boost the speed and efficiency of your metabolism by mixing with the natural ingredients in coffee.
14 mayo, 2024 a las 16:16
I think that is one of the most important information for me. And i am satisfied reading your article. But should commentary on some general issues, The website taste is ideal, the articles is really excellent : D. Good process, cheers
5 mayo, 2024 a las 22:24
Tonic Greens, a natural health supplement, is designed to enhance immune function.
27 abril, 2024 a las 02:46
It’s arduous to search out knowledgeable people on this topic, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
25 abril, 2024 a las 16:17
I would like to thnkx for the efforts you have put in writing this site. I am hoping the same high-grade site post from you in the upcoming also. Actually your creative writing abilities has inspired me to get my own blog now. Actually the blogging is spreading its wings rapidly. Your write up is a good example of it.
16 abril, 2024 a las 16:46
Hmm it seems like your site ate my first comment (it was extremely long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I had written and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog. I too am an aspiring blog blogger but I’m still new to everything. Do you have any points for inexperienced blog writers? I’d definitely appreciate it.
15 abril, 2024 a las 17:35
whoah this blog is wonderful i like reading your posts. Keep up the good paintings! You already know, many persons are looking around for this information, you can aid them greatly.
10 abril, 2024 a las 00:23
What is FlowForce Max? FlowForce Max Advanced Formula is a holistic blend designed to promote optimal prostate health
28 febrero, 2024 a las 07:53
Hi, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your website in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, fantastic blog!
19 diciembre, 2023 a las 04:32
I like what you guys are up too. Such smart work and reporting! Keep up the superb works guys I have incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my site 🙂
24 agosto, 2023 a las 12:57
I have been reading out a few of your posts and i can state pretty clever stuff. I will surely bookmark your site.
17 junio, 2023 a las 12:48
I’ve been browsing online more than three hours nowadays, yet I never discovered any fascinating article like yours. It’s pretty value enough for me. In my opinion, if all webmasters and bloggers made just right content as you probably did, the internet will probably be a lot more helpful than ever before. «Wherever they burn books, they will also, in the end, burn people.» by Heinrich Heine.
5 junio, 2023 a las 05:12
Real great visual appeal on this web site, I’d value it 10 10.
5 mayo, 2023 a las 15:51
Hi, I think your website might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your blog site in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, very good blog!
2 mayo, 2023 a las 08:12
I am thankful that I observed this website, precisely the right info that I was searching for! .
24 abril, 2023 a las 12:23
Hi, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your website in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, fantastic blog!
23 abril, 2023 a las 03:10
Great remarkable things here. I?¦m very happy to look your article. Thank you a lot and i am having a look ahead to contact you. Will you please drop me a e-mail?
1 marzo, 2023 a las 15:03
I have been surfing on-line greater than three hours these days, yet I by no means discovered any attention-grabbing article like yours. It is beautiful worth sufficient for me. In my opinion, if all web owners and bloggers made just right content as you did, the internet might be much more useful than ever before.
15 enero, 2023 a las 22:39
Hello, Neat post. There is an issue along with your web site in internet explorer, may test this?K IE nonetheless is the marketplace chief and a large element of folks will leave out your fantastic writing due to this problem.
28 diciembre, 2022 a las 22:23
Woah! I’m really enjoying the template/theme of this blog. It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s challenging to get that «perfect balance» between superb usability and visual appeal. I must say that you’ve done a very good job with this. Additionally, the blog loads extremely fast for me on Opera. Outstanding Blog!
25 diciembre, 2022 a las 21:29
Thanks, I’ve just been looking for info approximately this subject for a while and yours is the best I’ve came upon so far. However, what in regards to the bottom line? Are you sure concerning the source?
25 diciembre, 2022 a las 21:26
Thank you for the good writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to more added agreeable from you! By the way, how can we communicate?
24 diciembre, 2022 a las 19:29
Great line up. We will be linking to this great article on our site. Keep up the good writing.
20 diciembre, 2022 a las 11:11
I always was interested in this subject and stock still am, regards for posting.
20 diciembre, 2022 a las 02:10
Well I definitely liked reading it. This information offered by you is very practical for correct planning.
17 diciembre, 2022 a las 10:06
Glad to be one of the visitants on this awesome site : D.
16 diciembre, 2022 a las 02:46
obviously like your web-site but you need to check the spelling on quite a few of your posts. Several of them are rife with spelling problems and I find it very troublesome to tell the truth nevertheless I will surely come back again.
22 noviembre, 2022 a las 05:59
Hey, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your blog in Ie, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, very good blog!
11 noviembre, 2022 a las 14:45
Those are yours alright! . We at least need to get these people stealing images to start blogging! They probably just did a image search and grabbed them. They look good though!