La historia de la caja de Pandora se destacó en La Teogonía, el poema épico de Hesíodo, escrito en el siglo VIII a.C. El mito se remonta a los primeros siglos de la humanidad, justo después de la Titanomaquia, la Gran Guerra entre los dioses Titanes y los Olímpicos. Esta historia es considerada una de las más descriptivas del comportamiento humano en la mitología griega. Los antiguos helenos usaron este cuento no solo para instruirse sobre las debilidades de los humanos, sino también para darle explicación a varias desgracias que caracterizan a la raza humana.
La creación de Pandora
Todo comenzó con Prometeo, el titán que al robar el fuego del Olimpo y llevarlo a la tierra para dárselo a los hombres, provocó la ira de Zeus. Debido a aquel incidente, el dios del rayo decidió maldecirlos a cambio. Pidió a Hefesto que creara un ser lleno de cualidades irresistibles, pero también con desastrosas desavenencias que plagarían la tierra a partir de aquel momento.
La masa fue moldeada a partir de tierra y agua y, una vez que el cuerpo estuvo formado, se le otorgó el soplo de vida. La mujer recibió obsequios de todos los dioses olímpicos. Afrodita le concedió una belleza, gracia y deseo incomparables. Hermes, el dios mensajero, le dio una mente sagaz y lengua artera. Atenea la vistió y le enseñó a ser taimada con las manos. Poseidón le otorgó un collar de perlas que evitaría cualquier ahogamiento. Apolo le enseñó a tocar la lira y a cantar. Zeus le dio una naturaleza traviesa y ociosa. Por último y el atributo más maquiavélico de todos, fue el de la curiosidad, conferido por Hera.
Así nació la primera mujer mortal cuyo nombre era Pandora, que significa «superdotada». Hermes le dio una caja dorada e intrincadamente tallada, un regalo de Zeus con la advertencia explícita de nunca abrirla. Vestida con telas dignas de los dioses, se presentó ante Epimeteo, el medio hermano de Prometeo.
El interior de la caja de Pandora
Prometeo le había dicho a Epimeteo que nunca aceptara ningún regalo de los dioses, ya que despúes de la falta que había cometido esperaba una venganza implacable. Sin embargo, una mirada de Pandora fue suficiente para que Epimeteo olvidara cualquier consejo y se enamorara de ella. Fue tan fuerte el flechazo de amor que se quiso casar de inmediato.
Hermes se presentó en la ceremonia y comentó a Epimeteo que Pandora y su caja eran un regalo de Zeus, ante lo cual el titán se mostró un tanto desconfiado.
Con el pasar de los días, Pandora empezó a sentir curiosidad por lo que había dentro de la caja. Durante un tiempo pudo resistir la tentación, pero el don otorgado por Hera no tardó en hacerse presente, y finalmente abrió su caja.
Sin nadie que pudiera verla, colocó una llave dorada que colgaba de su cuello en la cerradura. Tras girarla lentamente, abrió la caja y levantó la tapa solo por un momento. Antes de que se diera cuenta, sonó un silbido y un olor horrible impregnó el aire a su alrededor. Cerró la caja de golpe aterrorizada, pero ya era demasiado tarde.
Pandora había liberado toda la maldad y malevolencia que Zeus había encerrado en la caja y entendió que era solo un peón en un gran tablero de dioses. En aquella caja se encontraba todo lo malo que asolaría al hombre para siempre: enfermedad, muerte, agitación, guerra, celos, odio, hambre, pasión… La mujer sintió el peso del mundo sobre sus hombros y vio que la caja se había vuelto oxidada y horrible, pero no todo estaba perdido. Al fondo de la caja de Pandora se encontraba un sentimiento cálido y tranquilizante, lo único bueno que Zeus había atrapado ahí dentro, la esperanza. A partir de aquel momento, cuando el hombre sintiera que todo llegaría a su fin, esa sensación de calma llegaría para reconfortarle.
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