El 4 de noviembre de 1922, un equipo de arqueólogos dirigido por Howard Carter descubrió un escalón que marcaba la entrada a la tumba de Tutankamón. Cuando fue descubierta el día 26 del mismo mes, después de más de 3000 años de reposo ininterrumpido, algunos creyeron que el faraón había desatado una poderosa maldición de muerte y destrucción sobre todos los que habían perturbado su sueño eterno.
Como cualquier leyenda urbana o sensacionalismo mediático, la supuesta maldición de Tutankamón creció hasta alcanzar proporciones épicas a lo largo de los años. En este artículo repasaremos lo que ocurrió a raíz del hallazgo y las consecuencias de las «víctimas» del mito. Las consideraciones finales quedarán a cargo, como siempre, del lector.
George Herbert
El hombre que financió la excavación de la tumba, George Herbert, fue el primero en sucumbir a la supuesta maldición de Tutankamón. Lord Carnarvon, su título nobiliario, abrió accidentalmente la picadura de un mosquito mientras se afeitaba y terminó muriendo de envenenamiento de la sangre poco después.
Esto ocurrió unos meses después de que se abriera el sarcófago y apenas seis semanas después de que la prensa comenzara a informar sobre la «maldición de la momia». Entonces se pensaba que afligía a cualquier persona asociada con perturbar la tumba.
Sir Bruce Ingham
Howard Carter regaló un pisapapeles a su amigo Bruce Ingham que resultaba ser una mano momificada de Tutankamón, con un brazalete con la inscripción, para colmo, «maldito sea el que mueva mi cuerpo«.
La casa de Ingham se quemó hasta los cimientos poco después y, cuando trató de reconstruirla, sufrió una inundación.
George Jay Gould
George Jay Gould era un rico financiero y ejecutivo ferroviario estadounidense que visitó la tumba de Tutankamón en 1923 y se enfermó casi inmediatamente después.
Nunca pudo recuperarse y murió de una neumonía unos meses más tarde.
Aubrey Herbert
Según la leyenda, el medio hermano de Lord Carnarvon sufrió la maldición de Tutankamón simplemente por estar relacionado con él. Aubrey Herbert nació con una afección ocular degenerativa y quedó totalmente ciego en una etapa avanzada de su vida. Un médico sugirió que sus dientes podridos e infectados estaban interfiriendo de alguna manera con su visión, así que se los extrajeron todos. Pero no funcionó. Murió de sepsis después de la cirugía, solo cinco meses después de la muerte de su hermano, supuestamente maldito.
Hugh Evelyn-White
Hugh Evelyn-White, una arqueóloga británica, visitó la tumba de Tutankamón y ayudó supuestamente a excavar el sitio. Tras ver cómo la muerte se había llevado ya a varios de sus compañeros en 1924, se ahorcó. Instantes antes al desenlace escribió, supuestamente con su propia sangre: «Sucumbí a una maldición que me obliga a desaparecer«.
Aaron Ember
El egiptólogo estadounidense Aaron Ember era amigo de muchas de las personas que estaban presentes cuando se abrió la tumba, incluido Lord Carnarvon. Ember murió en 1926, cuando su casa en Baltimore se incendió menos de una hora después de que él y su esposa organizaran una cena. Pudo haber salido ileso, pero su esposa lo alentó a que guardara un manuscrito en el que había estado trabajando mientras ella iba a buscar a su hijo.
Ambos murieron en la catástrofe y el nombre del manuscrito era El libro egipcio de los muertos.
Richard Bethell
Bethell fue el secretario de Lord Carnarvon y la primera persona en entrar en la tumba después de Carter. Murió en 1929 en circunstancias sospechosas. Lo encontraron asfixiado en su habitación en un club de caballeros de élite de Londres.
Poco después, el Nottingham Post reflexionó: «La sugerencia de que el honorable Richard Bethell había caído bajo la ‘maldición’ surgió el año pasado. Cuando hubo una serie de misteriosos incendios en su casa, donde algunos de los hallazgos invaluables de la tumba de Tutankamón fueron almacenados«. Sin embargo, no se estableció ninguna evidencia de una conexión entre los artefactos y la muerte de Bethell.
Sir Archibald Douglas Reid
Sir Archibald Douglas Reid, radiólogo, realizó una impresión de rayos X de Tutankamón antes de entregar la momia a las autoridades del museo. Se enfermó al día siguiente y murió tres días después.
James Henry Breasted
James Henry Breasted, otro famoso egiptólogo de la época, estaba trabajando con Carter cuando se abrió la tumba. Poco después, supuestamente, regresó a casa y descubrió que una cobra se había comido a su canario y estaba aún en la jaula.
La cobra era un símbolo de la monarquía egipcia y un motivo que los reyes usaban en sus tocados para representar protección, por lo que este signo fue bastante siniestro. El propio Breasted no murió hasta 1935, aunque ocurrió inmediatamente después de otro viaje a Egipto.
Howard Carter
A diferencia de todos los mencionados y como curiosa excepción de la maldición de Tutankamón, Carter nunca tuvo una enfermedad mortal misteriosa, ni su casa fue víctima de ningún desastre repentino. Murió de linfoma a la edad de 64 años.
Su lápida incluso dice: «Que viva tu espíritu, que pases millones de años, tú que amas a Tebas, sentado con la cara al viento del norte, contemplando la felicidad«. Quizás los faraones consideraron oportuno salvarlo de la terrible condena.
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