Las Moiras o Moirai, también conocidas como las Parcas, representan la idea del destino en la mitología griega. Era común que los antiguos helenos dieran forma a deidades que representaran las ideas abstractas o incomprensibles de su realidad. Las Moiras eran, en cierto modo, el órgano regulador de la vida humana desde el nacimiento hasta la muerte.
Sus nombres eran Clotho, Lachesis y Atropos y se las describía como temidas ancianas decadentes, inflexibles, injustas y severas.
Las Parcas y el ser humano
Según el mito, las Parcas eran tres de las seis hijas que Zeus y la diosa de la justicia, Themis, habían concebido. Las tres restantes eran las Horas, diosas de la naturaleza y las estaciones.
Cada una de las Moiras es dueña de un carácter distintivo que las convierte en seres únicos, relacionados con las etapas de vida del individuo.
Clotho, la Giradora, fabrica el hilo de la vida de una persona desde la rueca hasta el huso. Representa el nacimiento, el primer papel importante en la historia humana. Elige quién tiene el derecho de nacer, pero también cuándo los dioses o los mortales debían ser ejecutados en el acto.
Lachesis, siempre vestida de blanco, se encarga de medir el hilo, la esperanza de vida del individuo. En la mitología griega, también es ella quien elige el destino de cada uno, el rumbo por el cual se rige su camino, ya sea bueno o malo.
Atropos, la mayor de las tres, se conocía como la Inevitable. Estrechamente relacionada con la muerte, elige el final de cada historia cortando el hilo de la vida.
Las Moiras y los dioses
En los poemas homéricos, las Moiras se representan como una entidad singular cuyas acciones no están gobernadas por los dioses. Solo Zeus estuvo cerca de hacerlo en una ocasión, comparando la vida de Héctor y de Aquiles en una balanza y revelando el destino de muerte de cada uno.
La escena se representa en un jarrón micénico, donde Zeus sostiene la báscula frente a los dos guerreros míticos en señal de un destino sellado.
La inexorabilidad de las Moiras era temida incluso por los dioses. Según Herodoto, ni ellos podían escapar a su juicio. La sacerdotisa pitia de Delfos admitió una vez que Zeus también estaba sujeto a su poder, aunque no existe escrito mítico que aclare hasta qué punto las vidas de los inmortales se vieron afectadas por los caprichos de las ancianas.
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