En el mundo artístico del entretenimiento, el cine y la música, existen infinidad de mitos, conspiraciones y teorías que no dejan de frivolizar, de alguna forma, el ambiente de las celebridades. Si de por sí el universo de la fama genera todo tipo de rumores y especulaciones, la relevancia de las industrias relacionadas ayuda mucho a la difusión de conjeturas y suposiciones. Algunas más interesantes que otras. Es el caso de uno de los fenómenos culturales más curiosos en estos medios, el Club de los 27.
Una expresión que, sin tratarse de una asociación oficial o un círculo de personajes designados, hace alusión a un grupo de artistas que murieron a la edad de 27 años. Casualmente en la cima de su carrera y tras una vida llena de excesos, riesgos y desenfreno.
El registro de varios casos en un corto periodo de tiempo entre los 60 y los 70 llevó incluso a la ciencia y la estadística a buscar patrones de comportamiento. Sin embargo, la razón de ser del Club de los 27 atiende más a la probabilidad que a la conspiración. Siendo la fama un elemento detonante que precipita el peligro y el riesgo en los estilos de vida de la mayoría de artistas jóvenes, independientemente de la cifra exacta de su edad.
Así, el Club de los 27 se convirtió en un concepto mediático. Una serie de eventos desafortunados y evitables que trascendió por sus casualidades y su propio romanticismo.
El nacimiento del Club de los 27
La expresión Club de los 27 comenzó a utilizarse popularmente a raíz de la muerte de varios músicos de 27 años entre 1969 y 1971. En la mayoría de los casos, como consecuencia del abuso de sustancias u otras causas violentas como accidentes de tránsito, suicidios y homicidios.
El hecho de que los fallecimientos se relacionasen con aspectos tan turbios y crueles, enalteció la leyenda del comentado club. Es muy común entre los teóricos y los curiosos del caso buscar pautas y detalles coincidentes para relacionar unas historias con otras y sacar ciertas conclusiones.
Durante las décadas de los sucesos el factor de la edad y el número 27 no tuvo tanto interés por parte del público general. Fue la muerte de Kurt Cobain en 1994 la que detonó la fascinación popular hacia el fenómeno y comenzó a difundirse la expresión del Club de los 27 con todas sus consecuencias.
Según el biógrafo del artista, unas declaraciones de la madre del cantante de Nirvana dieron aún más fuerza al fenómeno. Sostenidas, además, por el crecimiento del poder mediático en aquel entonces. Las palabras de Wendy Fradenburg Cobain fueron las siguientes: «Ahora se ha ido y se ha unido a ese estúpido club. Le dije que no se uniera a ese estúpido club«.
De estas contundentes afirmaciones se derivaron múltiples teorías que especulaban acerca de las motivaciones que llevaron al músico al suicidio. Considerando incluso una posibilidad la intención expresa de pertenecer al susodicho grupo.
Los artistas considerados miembros
La lista de artistas miembros del Club de los 27 varía según el medio y el enfoque abordado a la hora de hablar del fenómeno. Siendo un concepto cultural que se va transformando a medida que transcurre el tiempo, sufre ciertas modificaciones de acuerdo al punto de vista de quien lo considere.
Si nos atenemos a un orden cronológico, los músicos fallecidos entre 1969 y 1971, que incentivaron las primeras atenciones del público hacia el fenómeno, fueron Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin y Jim Morrison.
Brian Jones, co fundador del grupo Rolling Stones, murió el 3 de julio de 1969 ahogado en una piscina por causas desconocidas. Jimi Hendrix murió el 18 de septiembre de 1970 asfixiado en su propio vómito, tras consumir múltiples sustancias. Janis Joplin murió el 4 de octubre de 1970 por una sobredosis de heroína. Y Jim Morrison murió el 3 de julio de 1971 debido a una insuficiencia cardíaca, en circunstancias también desconocidas.
El siguiente en la línea del tiempo es Kurt Cobain, quien dio fama al concepto. Se suicidó por arma de fuego y bajo los efectos de la heroína el 5 de abril de 1994.
Durante diecisiete años el fenómeno se mantuvo en el olvido al no haber nuevos casos relacionables a simple vista. Hasta que en 2011, Amy Winehouse perdía la vida un 23 de julio a causa de un envenenamiento por alcohol. También a los 27 años y en la cumbre de su carrera musical.
Otras celebridades que murieron a los 27 años
Estos seis artistas son los considerados miembros principales del Club de los 27. Sin embargo, son muchos más los que compartieron el mismo destino, a la misma edad, a lo largo de los años. Escritores, pintores, actores, modelos…, desde principios del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad. Uno de los casos más recientes es el del actor Anton Yelchin, protagonista de la trilogía de Star Trek en 2009, 2013 y 2016. Fallecido el 19 de junio de 2016 por un accidente doméstico. El último registrado es el de Harry Hains, actor australiano de la serie American Horror Story que perdió la vida el 7 de enero de 2020 por causas desconocidas.
Entre los más antiguos se encuentra Robert Johnson, un célebre compositor de blues cuya historia gira alrededor del misterio y lo sobrenatural. Según su leyenda, adquirió su fama tras hacer un pacto con el diablo, mismo que se cree que le llevó a la muerte, para saldar su deuda, en el año 1938. Para muchos, Johnson es el primero de los miembros del club.
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