En la primera parte del capítulo sexto del libro del Apocalipsis, en la Biblia, se describe a cuatro caballeros que, según el relato, se liberaron de un pergamino sellado siete veces. De acuerdo a la interpretación del texto, se trata de los cuatro Jinetes del Apocalipsis, una alegoría que representa la conquista, la guerra, el hambre y la muerte. Según la mitología universal, son los causales de la destrucción final de la existencia, el fin de los días. Y aunque la Biblia los menciona brevemente, hay una larga lista de referencias artísticas a las cuatro figuras a lo largo de la historia.
Teniendo en cuenta su simbología y significado alegórico al margen de los preceptos religiosos, hoy existe una reinterpretación del mito basado en las condiciones o situaciones más probables que pueden llevar a la posible autodestrucción de la especie humana. Un estudio que analiza las características de la vida moderna y su evolución, proyectando los peligros a los que se expone en función de su propio desarrollo.
Los cuatro Jinetes del Apocalipsis en su concepción original
Según las escrituras, los cuatro jinetes se presentaron del siguiente modo.
El primero sobre un caballo blanco, representando la conquista o la peste, esta última más común en la cultura popular. El segundo sobre un caballo rojo, representando la guerra. Le sigue un caballo negro, cabalgado por el jinete del hambre. Y finalmente un caballo amarillo bayo, representando la muerte.
El último jinete es el único del que el texto especifica su nombre. Y en cuanto a su imagen y las armas u objetos que portan, en todos los casos cambian en función de traducciones e interpretaciones.
Las amenazas de la humanidad consideradas hoy en día
Una investigación de la Universidad de Singapur identifica los peligros que amenazan a la humanidad en la actualidad, mucho más complejos que los temidos siglos atrás. Siguiendo la metáfora de los cuatro Jinetes del Apocalipsis y todo lo que representan, se han determinado cuatro factores que podrían conducir a una autodestrucción posible. Cuatro condiciones que podrían ser el resultado de las dificultades y los problemas que el mundo atraviesa hoy en día, como la pandemia del COVID 19.
Estos nuevos jinetes son:
- La superpoblación
- La globalización
- La hiperconectividad
- La concentración de las cadenas de suministros
De alguna manera, estos son los cuatro grandes problemas que enfrenta la civilización como una consecuencia latente a su propio desarrollo. Una prueba de que la evolución nos ha vuelto, en cierto modo, más vulnerables. Tal y como está sucediendo en estos últimos años, cualquier contingencia que afecte a un sistema global, lo hace directamente sobre aspectos de gran importancia para la población. Como el comercio, la geopolítica, la salud pública, la estabilidad económica, etc. Que sin un balance o un equilibrio podrían desencadenar verdaderas crisis sin precedentes.
Según las conclusiones del estudio, la única alternativa para paliar estos riesgos es el llamado principio de precaución. Una serie de medidas preventivas listas para aplicar ante cualquier sospecha de peligro, aún sin contar con evidencia suficiente que confirme tal sospecha. Ya que decisiones mal tomadas pueden agravar los problemas, convirtiéndolos en bolas de nieve, que resulten en situaciones inevitables.
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