Si hay algo que caracteriza a Nueva York son sus rascacielos y sus edificios con historia. Aunque se trate de historia reciente, no deja de ser una fiel representación del mundo moderno y de la revolución económica e industrial que precede a nuestro presente. Con permiso del más emblemático de todos, el Empire State Building, la ciudad norteamericana dio su primer paso en el mundo de las mega estructuras casi treinta años antes con el Flatiron Building. El primer rascacielos de NYC.
El inconfundible diseño del Flatiron Building
El Flatiron Building, originalmente bautizado como edificio Fuller, cuenta con el título del rascacielos en pie más antiguo de Manhattan. Aunque técnicamente esto es un error, ya que el Park Row Building de la calle Park Row, que incluso lo supera en plantas (30), fue construido cuatro años antes. El Flatiron está ubicado frente al Madison Square Park, en la manzana triangular que hace esquina entre la Quinta Avenida y la calle Broadway, cortada al sur por la 22. Quizá su fama venga por su espectacular apariencia en forma de cuña y por la historia que esconde tras sus paredes.
Se construyó e inauguró en el año 1902, con una altura aproximada de 87 metros y 22 pisos. Arquitectónicamente hablando forma parte de la corriente neorrenacentista con estilo beaux arts de influencia francesa. Su diseño imita a las columnas de la Grecia Clásica, dividiendo su fachada de caliza y terracota en tres partes: base, fusta y capitel. El contorno en forma de proa de barco es su elemento más llamativo, aunque tampoco fue el primer edificio de estas características. Antes que él lo presumieron el Gooderham de Toronto, construido en 1892 y el Flatiron de Atlanta, de 1897. Sin embargo, el neoyorkino es el más alto de los tres.
El levantamiento del coloso fue todo un reto para la época, superado gracias a una estructura de acero que permitió la altura y estabilidad pese a la falta de técnicas a principios de siglo. La obra fue relativamente rápida con un avance promedio de un piso por semana. Y aunque despertó el asombro y la fascinación de centenares de testigos en su inauguración, pronto surgieron también los detractores.
Las críticas tras la inauguración en 1902
Poco después de su apertura, el New York Tribune califició al Flatiron Building como un «miserable trozo de pastel» y «la pieza sin vida más problemática de Nueva York«.
Fue precisamente su impactante forma lo que suscitó la crítica y el recelo entre la gente, desconfiada por su integridad ante las posibles ráfagas de viento. Los neoyorquinos hacían apuestas sobre lo lejos que llegarían los escombros en una tormenta. Temores que nunca llegaron a cumplirse por la eficiencia demostrada de la obra más de cien años después. Lo que sí es cierto es que el Flatiron cuenta con una estructura aerodinámica, fácilmente identificable desde un plano cenital, que producía fuertes corrientes de aire en un efecto túnel hacia las dos calles colindantes. Esto provocaba diversas situaciones anecdóticas que involucraban inoportunos levantamientos de faldas, mirones sin disimulo y hasta la intervención de la policía.
La trayectoria del Flatiron Building a lo largo de más de un siglo
Desde su diseño original, el Flatiron Building fue un edificio pensado para el trabajo más que para la atracción turística. Esto, de hecho, es la razón por la que no es posible acceder a él como simple visitante.
Aunque durante algún tiempo en sus primeros años de vida se hubiera convertido en lugar de encuentro para romances furtivos y relaciones entonces prohibidas, pronto adquirió un tinte sofisticado que lo encumbró ante la alta sociedad de la época. Por él pasaron restaurantes de moda, músicos, dentistas y hasta fabricantes de sombreros para masones. Un sinfín de actividades que terminaron con la instalación en 1959 de la editorial Macmillan Publishers, que con el tiempo se hizo de todo el edificio.
Esta plena ocupación terminó en el año 2019, cuando la empresa buscó nuevas oficinas en el centro financiero de la ciudad. Desde entonces, el Flatiron todavía no tiene dueño, aunque por lo visto sigue buscando a un único residente para los 22 pisos. Una marca con la que asociarse e identificarse entre los múltiples rascacielos de Manhattan.
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